10h-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives, method for the production thereof, and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives, to the production thereof, and to the use thereof.

The present invention relates to 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivatives, and to the preparation and use thereof.

The active or passive penetration of pathogens into a host, the inherentpresence of these therein and the propagation thereof is referred to asinfection. Sources of infectious particles occur everywhere. Forexample, the human body is colonized by a large number of microorganismswhich are generally kept under control by the normal metabolism and anintact immune system. However, a weakened immune system, for example,may result in significant propagation of the pathogens and, according tothe type of pathogen, in different disease symptoms. For manypathogen-induced diseases, medicine has specific antidotes at itsdisposal, for example antibiotics against bacteria or antimycoticsagainst fungi or virustatics against viruses. However, increasingoccurrence of resistant pathogens is observed when these antidotes areused, and some of these pathogens have resistances against severalantidotes at the same time. The occurrence of these resistant ormultiresistant pathogens has made the treatment of infection disordersincreasingly difficult. The clinical consequence of resistance ismanifested by a failure of the treatment, particularly in the case ofimmunosuppressed patients.

New starting points for control of resistant or multiresistant diseasepathogens are therefore firstly the search for new antidotes, forexample antibiotics or antimycotics, and secondly the search foralternative means of inactivation.

An alternative method which has been found to be useful is thephotodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Two differentphotooxidative processes play a crucial role in the photodynamicinactivation of microorganisms. Prerequisites for the running of aphotooxidative inactivation are firstly the presence of a sufficientamount of oxygen and secondly the localization of a so-calledphotosensitizer, which is excited by light of an appropriate wavelength.The excited photosensitizer can bring about the formation of reactiveoxygen species (ROS), which can form firstly free radicals, for examplesuperoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals, and/orsecondly excited molecular oxygen, for example singlet oxygen.

For both reactions, the photooxidation of specific biomolecules directlyadjacent to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of primary importance.This involves particularly oxidation of lipids and proteins which occur,for example, as constituents of the cell membrane of microorganisms. Thedestruction of the cell membrane in turn results in inactivation of themicroorganisms in question. For viruses and fungi, a similar eliminationprocess is assumed.

For example, singlet oxygen attacks all molecules. However, unsaturatedfatty acids in the membranes of bacteria are particularly prone todamage. Healthy endogenous cells have a cellular defence against attacksby free radicals, called catalases or superoxide dismutases. Therefore,healthy endogenous cells can counteract damage by reactive oxygenspecies (ROS), for example free radicals or singlet oxygen.

The prior art discloses numerous photosensitizers which come, forexample, from the group of the porphyrins and derivatives thereof orphthalocyanines and derivatives thereof or fullerenes and derivativesthereof or derivatives of the phenothiazinium structure, for examplemethylene blue or toluidine blue, or representatives of thephenoxazinium series, for example Nile blue. The photodynamics ofmethylene blue or toluidine blue with respect to bacteria have alreadybeen used, for example, in dentistry.

The photosensitizers known from the prior art are usually substanceshaving a relatively complex molecular structure and therefore complexpurification processes.

The non-patent literature Svoboda et al. (Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, pages1854-1864) describes the influence of thiourea on the photooxidation ofbenzyl alcohol by flavin and various flavin derivatives, including thecompound having the formula (20):

However, Svoboda et al. do not describe any effect of the flavinderivatives examined on the viability of microorganisms.

It is additionally known that 10-methyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivatives riboflavin and tetraacetylriboflavin have high yields ofsinglet oxygen, although the affinity for microorganisms is low. It isadditionally known that singlet oxygen can diffuse only over a shortdistance before it reacts or is degraded. Therefore, the inactivation ofmicroorganisms by 10-methyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivativesriboflavin and tetraacetylriboflavin is inadequate.

Moreover, WO 2010/019208 A1 and WO 2011/008247 A1 disclose numerousflavin, roseoflavin and riboflavin derivatives which can bind to flavinmononucleotide (FMN) riboswitches. Riboswitches are RNA elements in theuntranslated regions of the mRNA of prokaryotes, fungi and plants, whichbind low molecular weight metabolites, for example FMN, and thenregulate gene expression. For example, after binding of FMN to FMNriboswitches of prokaryotes, the expression of enzymes responsible forriboflavin and FMN biosynthesis is repressed, as a result of whichriboflavin and FMN biosynthesis stops. Riboflavin assumes a central rolein the metabolism, since it serves as a precursor for flavin coenzymes.Therefore, suppressed riboflavin and FMN biosynthesis leads to reducedviability.

However, this form of control of pathogenic microorganisms can likewiseresult in occurrence of resistances, which can arise, for example, as aresult of mutations in the RNA elements in question.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novelphotosensitizers which more efficiently inactivate microorganisms.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the provision of acompound having the formula (1):

-   -   where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   a) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,    -   with the proviso that the R3 radical is not an aminomethyl        radical, where the nitrogen atom may be unsubstituted or        substituted, and    -   excluding compounds in which the R1, R4 and R10 radicals are        hydrogen, the R2 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon        atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, the R3 radical        is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, O-alkyl        having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 4 to        7 carbon atoms, and the R5 radical is an alkyl radical which has        1 to 8 carbon atoms and is substituted by at least by a radical        of the formula N(R³⁵)(R³⁶) or a radical of the formula —OR³⁵,        where the R³⁵ radical is a radical of the formula        —C₁₋₈alkyl(amine)-OR³⁷ or a        7,8-dimethylisoalloxazin-10-yl-C₁₋₈alkyl radical and where the        R³⁶ radical is hydrogen or a radical of the formula —C₁₋₈alkyl,        which may be unsubstituted or substituted, and where the R³⁷        radical is hydrogen, aryl having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or alkyl        which may be unsubstituted or substituted and has 1 to 8 carbon        atoms, and    -   additionally excluding compounds in which the R1 and R4 radicals        are hydrogen, the R10 radical is hydrogen or a radical having        the general formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-OC(O)CH₃, the R2 radical is        hydrogen or alkyl having 8 to 8 carbon atoms and the R5 radical        is a radical having the general formula        —C₁₋₆alkylN(R³¹)C₀₋₃alkyl-(R³²), where R³¹ is hydrogen or a        radical having the formula C₁₋₄alkyl and where R³² is a radical        having the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-N(R³³)(R³⁴), a radical having the        formula C₀₋₄alkylaryl, a radical having the formula        C₀₋₄alkylheterocycloalkyl or a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkylheteroaryl, and where the R³³ and R³⁴ radicals are        each independently hydrogen or —C₁₋₄alkyl, and    -   additionally excluding        10-butyl-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione        and        10-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione,        or    -   where II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and        where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,        or    -   where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an        organic radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,    -   and excluding the compound having the formula (20):

The object of the present invention is likewise achieved by the use of acompound having the formula (1):

as a photosensitizer, preferably in the photodynamic inactivation ofmicroorganisms, further preferably in photodynamic therapy,

-   -   where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   a) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,        or    -   where II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyi having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,        or    -   where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an        organic radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms.

The compound having the formula (1) is a 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dioneor flavin derivative, which is also referred to as such hereinafter.

The counterion used for at least one positively charged, preferablyquaternary, nitrogen atom may be any suitable anion. Preferably, thecounterion(s) used for the positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom(s) are anions which enable the provision of apharmacologically acceptable salt.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, positively charged,preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms have, as counterion, fluoride,chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, phosphate,dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, tosylate, mesylate, formate,acetate, oxalate, benzoate, citrate and/or mixtures thereof.

The object of the present invention is likewise achieved by theprovision of a process for preparing the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula (1) asclaimed in either of claims 15 and 16.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are described inthe dependent claims.

According to the invention, “photosensitizer” is understood to meancompounds which absorb electromagnetic radiation, preferably visiblelight, UV light and/or infrared light, and then generate reactive oxygenspecies (ROS), preferably free radicals and/or singlet oxygen, fromtriplet oxygen.

According to the invention, the term “photodynamic therapy” isunderstood to mean the light-induced, photodynamic inactivation of cellsor microorganisms.

According to the invention, the term “inactivation” is understood tomean the reduction of the viability or the destruction of amicroorganism, preferably the destruction thereof. A light-inducedinactivation can be determined, for example, via reduction in the numberof microorganisms after irradiation of a defined starting amount ofthese microorganisms in the presence of at least one compound having theformula (1) used in accordance with the invention,

According to the invention, a reduction in viability is understood tomean that the number of microorganisms is reduced by at least 99.0%,preferably by at least 99.9%, further preferably by at least 99.99%,further preferably by at least 99.999%, even further preferably by atleast 99.9999%. Exceptionally preferably, the number of microorganismsis reduced by more than 99.9 to 100%, preferably by more than 99.99 to100%.

Preferably, the reduction in the number of microorganisms is reported asthe log₁₀ reduction factor according to Boyce, J. M. and Pittet, D.(“Guidelines for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. Recommendations ofthe Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and theHIPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force”, Am. J. Infect. Control 30(8), 2002, pages 1-46).

According to the invention, the term “log₁₀ reduction factor” isunderstood to mean the difference between the decadic logarithm of thenumber of microorganisms before and the decadic logarithm of the numberof microorganisms after an irradiation of these microorganisms withelectromagnetic radiation in the presence of at least one compoundhaving the formula (1) used in accordance with the invention.

Suitable methods for determining the log_(ic)) reduction factor aredescribed, for example, in DIN EN 14885:2007-01 “Chemical disinfectantsand antiseptics—Application of European Standards for chemicaldisinfectants and antiseptics” or in Rabenau, H. F. and Schwebke, I.(“Leitlinie der Deutschen Vereinigung zur Bekämpfung derViruskrankheiten (DVV) e.V. and des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) zurPrOtrung von chemischen Desinfektionsmitteln auf Wirksamkeit gegen Virenin der Humanmedizin” Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung,Gesundheitschutz 51(8), (2008), pages 937-945).

Preferably, the log₁₀ reduction factor after irradiation ofmicroorganisms with electromagnetic radiation in the presence of atleast one compound having the formula (1) used in accordance with theinvention is at least 2 log₁₀, preferably at least 3 log₁₀, furtherpreferably at least 4 log₁₀, further preferably at least 4.5 log₁₀,further preferably at least 5 log₁₀, further preferably at least 6log₁₀, even further preferably at least 7 log₁₀, even further preferablyat least 7.5 log₁₀.

For example, a reduction in the number of microorganisms afterirradiation of these microorganisms with electromagnetic radiation inthe presence of at least one compound having the formula (1) used inaccordance with the invention by 2 orders of magnitude, based on thestarting amount of these microorganisms, means a log₁₀ reduction factorof 2 log₁₀.

Further preferably, the number of microorganisms after irradiation ofthese microorganisms with electromagnetic radiation in the presence ofat least one compound having the formula (1) used in accordance with theinvention is reduced by at least 1 order of magnitude, furtherpreferably by at least 2 orders of magnitude, preferably by at least 4orders of magnitude, further preferably by at least 5 orders ofmagnitude, further preferably by at least 6 orders of magnitude, evenfurther preferably by at least 7 orders of magnitude, based in each caseon the starting amount of these microorganisms.

The term “microorganisms” in the context of the invention is understoodto mean especially viruses, archaea, prokaryotic microorganisms such asbacteria and bacterial spores, and eukaryotic microorganisms such asfungi, protozoa, fungal spores, unicellular algae. The microorganismsmay occur in unicellular or multicellular form, for example as a fungalmycelium.

An inventive 10H-benzolglpteridine-2,4-dione derivative has the formula(1)

-   -   where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, or    -   where II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an        organic radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s).

In a preferred embodiment, an inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1) does not have any uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, for example inthe form of an amino radical, methylamino radical or dimethylaminoradical, or any positively charged nitrogen atom bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, for example in the form of a pyridin-1-ium-1-ylradical or trimethylammonio radical.

In variant I) of the inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1)

-   -   only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at        least three, preferably at least four, further preferably at        least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl,        thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to        the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or        different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms,    -   with the proviso that the R3 radical is not an aminomethyl        radical, where the nitrogen atom may be unsubstituted or        substituted, and    -   excluding compounds in which the R1, R4 and R10 radicals are        hydrogen, the R2 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon        atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, the R3 radical        is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, O-alkyl        having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 4 to        7 carbon atoms, and the R5 radical is an alkyl radical which has        1 to 8 carbon atoms and is substituted by at least by a radical        of the formula N(R³⁵)(R³⁶) or a radical of the formula —OR³⁵,        where the R³⁵ radical is a radical of the formula        —C₁₋₈alkyl(amine)-OR³⁷ or a        7,8-dimethylisoalloxazin-10-yl-C₁₋₈alkyl radical and where the        R³⁶ radical is hydrogen or a radical of the formula which may be        unsubstituted or substituted, and where the R³⁷ radical is        hydrogen, aryl having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or alkyl which may be        unsubstituted or substituted and has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and    -   additionally excluding compounds in which the R1 and R4 radicals        are hydrogen, the R10 radical is hydrogen or a radical having        the general formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-OC(O)CH₃, the R2 radical is        hydrogen or alkyl having 8 to 8 carbon atoms and the R5 radical        is a radical having the general formula        —C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R³¹)—C₀₋₃alkyl-(R³²), where R³¹ is hydrogen or a        radical having the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl and where R³² is a radical        having the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-N(R³³)(R³⁴), a radical having the        formula —C₀₋₄alkyl-aryl, a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkylheterocycloalkyl or a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkylheteroaryl, and where the R³³ and R³⁴ radicals are        each independently hydrogen or —C₁₋₄alkyl, and    -   excluding        10-butyl-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione        and        10-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione.

In a preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzotgipteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where

-   -   A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at        least three, preferably at least four, further preferably at        least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same        or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl,        thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where the R6 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20        carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or    -   B) only the R6 radical is in organic radical having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityl,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant I) of the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the        general formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, preferably with the proviso that the R³        radical is not an aminomethyl radical, where the nitrogen atom        may be unsubstituted or substituted, and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        two, preferably at least three, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two, preferably at least three, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals is the same or different        and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   or    -   8) only 1 R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical of the general        formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        two, preferably at least three, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two, preferably at least three, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R5 and R6 radical which is not an organic radical of        the general formula (2), (3) or (4) is hydrogen, alkyl having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to        20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   in each case excluding compounds in which the R1, R4 and R10        radicals are hydrogen, the R2 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having        1 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms,        the R3 radical is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon        atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic        radical having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and the R5 radical is an        alkyl radical which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms and is substituted        by a radical of the formula N(R³⁵)(R³⁶) or a radical of the        formula —OR³⁶, where the R³⁵ radical is a radical of the formula        —C₁₋₈alkyl(amine)-OR³⁷ or a        7,8-dimethylisoalloxazin-10-yl-C₁₋₈alkyl radical and where the        R³⁶ radical is hydrogen or a radical of the formula —C₁₋₈alkyl,        which may be unsubstituted or substituted, and where the R³⁷        radical is hydrogen, aryl having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or alkyl        which may be unsubstituted or substituted and has 1 to 8 carbon        atoms, and    -   in each case additionally excluding compounds in which the R1        and R4 radicals are hydrogen, the R10 radical is hydrogen or a        radical having the general formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-OC(O)CH₃, the R2        radical is hydrogen or alkyl having 8 to 8 carbon atoms and the        R5 radical is a radical having the general formula —C₁₋₆alkyl        N(R³¹)C₀₋₃alkyl(R³²), where R³¹ is hydrogen or a radical having        the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl and where R³² is a radical having the        formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-N(R³³)(R³⁴), a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkyl-aryl, a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkylheterocycloalkyl or a radical having the formula        —C₀₋₄alkylheteroaryl, and where the R³³ and R³⁴ radicals are        each independently hydrogen or —C₁₋₄alkyl.

In a further-preferred embodiment, the organic radical having a) atleast two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, furtherpreferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two,preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further preferablyat least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atomsnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is a radical of theformula (2) or (3):

-   -   where h is an integer from 6 to 20, preferably from 6 to 19,        preferably from 8 to 17, further preferably from 8 to 15,        further preferably from 8 to 13, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical containing a) at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms, or b) at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, positively charged, preferably        quaternary, nitrogen atoms, and the aryl radical is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms, where the R3 radical is preferably not an        aminomethyl radical, where the nitrogen atom may be        unsubstituted or substituted, and in each case excluding        compounds in which the R1, R4 and R10 radicals are hydrogen, the        R² radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or        cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, the R³ radical is        hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, O-alkyl        having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 4 to        7 carbon atoms and the R⁵ radical is an alkyl radical which has        1 to 8 carbon atoms and is substituted by at least by one        radical of the formula N(R³⁵)(R³⁵) or a radical of the formula        —OR³⁵, where the R³⁵ radical is a radical of the formula        —C₁₋₈alkyl(amine)-OR³⁷ or a        7,8-dimethylisoalloxazin-10-yl-C₁₋₈alkyl radical and where the        R³⁶ radical is hydrogen or a radical of the formula —C₁₋₈alkyl        which may be unsubstituted or substituted, and where the R³⁷        radical is hydrogen, aryl having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or alkyl        which may be unsubstituted or substituted and has 1 to 8 carbon        atoms, and additionally in each case excluding compounds in        which the R1 and R4 radicals are hydrogen, the R10 radical is        hydrogen or a radical having the general formula        —C₁₋₄alkyl-OC(O)CH₃, the R2 radical is hydrogen or alkyl having        8 to 8 carbon atoms and the R5 radical is a radical having the        general formula —C₁₋₆alkyl N(R³¹)—C₀₋₃alkyl(R³²), where R³¹ is        hydrogen or a radical having the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl and where        R³² is a radical having the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-N(R³³)(R³⁴), a        radical having the formula C₀₋₄alkylaryl, a radical having the        formula —C₀₋₄alkyl-heterocycloalkyl or a radical having the        formula —C₀₋₄alkyl-heteroaryl, and where the R³³ and R³⁴        radicals are each independently hydrogen or —C₁₋₄alkyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where either

A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the generalformula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, 1 are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, preferably with the proviso that the R3        radical is not an aminomethyl radical, where the nitrogen atom        may be unsubstituted or substituted, and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        two, preferably at least three, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two, preferably at least three, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R6 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   or    -   B) only the R6 radical is an organic radical of the general        formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        two, preferably at least three, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two, preferably at least three, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where either

A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the generalformula (C(D)(E))_(h)—X or —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl(C(D)(E)))_(l)X,

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, where X is an organic radical        containing a) at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to        the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and aryl is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)-X or        —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-X are the same or different        and are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,        nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2        to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon        atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to        20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain        any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   or    -   B) only the R6 radical is an organic radical of the general        formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-X,    -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, where X is an organic radical        containing a) at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to        the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and aryl is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityl,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10-H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), only theR5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 0, 1 or 2 and f is aninteger from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is hydrogen, alkylhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms or an X radical,

-   -   where X is an organic radical containing a) at least one,        preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably        at least four, further preferably at least five, uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atoms or b) at least two, preferably at        least three, preferably at least four, further preferably at        least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atoms, when at least two of the Z radicals are an X radical, or    -   where X is an organic radical containing a) at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms        or b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at        least four, further preferably at least five, positively        charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms, when only 1 Z        radical is an X radical,    -   where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain        any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of thegeneral formula —CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 1, or 2and f is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is anester of an aminocarboxylic acid which derives from an aminocarboxylicacid, preferably alpha-aminocarboxylic acid, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of alanine,arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid,glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine,L-homoserine, ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine,L-(−)-carnitine, alpha-phenylglycine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine,gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, norleucine and2,6-diaminopimelic acid, further preferably arginine, glycine, lysine,ornithine, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, evenfurther preferably glycine and lysine, where preferably at least oneamino group in each case may be substituted by methyl radicals.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-done derivative, the organic radical having a)at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four,further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atomsnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two,preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further preferablyat least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atomsnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is a radical of theformula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 6 to 20, preferably from 6 to 19,        preferably from 8 to 17, further preferably from 8 to 15,        further preferably from 8 to 13, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical containing a) at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms, or b) at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, positively charged, preferably        quaternary, nitrogen atoms, and the aryl radical is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms, and    -   where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        two, preferably at least three, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms, or b) at least two, preferably at least three, positively        charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theorganic X radical having a) at least two, preferably at least three,preferably at least four, further preferably at least five, uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atoms, or b) at least two, preferably at leastthree, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms, is a radicalof the general formula (2):

where A is an oxygen or sulfur atom and where n is an integer from 1 to8 and m is an integer from 0 to 100, and where B is a radical of theformula (3a), (3b), (4a), (4b), (5a) or (5b):

and where the R^((I)) radical is an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, an alkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an etherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, a thioether radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where each ofthe R^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals isindependently hydrogen, an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, aheterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical,which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, analkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a thioetherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each of theaforementioned aryl radicals, heterocyclic radicals, alkyl radicals,alkenyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals, ether radicals, thioetherradicals and alkylamino radicals is substituted at least by one,preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at leastfour, further preferably at least five, amino radical(s) and/oralkylamino radical(s), which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1to 20 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical,

-   -   and where the radical having the formula (4a) and the radical        having the formula (5a):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms, where 1 nitrogen atomforms a double bond, and where the radical having the formula (4b) andthe radical having the formula (5b):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (5a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (22a), (22b) and (22c):

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of arylradicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (4a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (23a), (23b) and (23c):

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,aryl radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((IV)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or an alkyl radical of the general formula—(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃ and the R^((I)) radical is an alkyl radical of thegeneral formula —(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃, where each n is an integer from 0 to 19,preferably from 1 to 17, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl,but-2-yl, 2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methylprop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl,pent-3-yl, 2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl,2-methylbut-4-yl, 2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl,hept-1-yl, oct-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl,2-methylpent-3-yl, 2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl,3-methylpent-1-yl, 3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl,2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or 2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, and the R^((I)) radical ismethyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl, but-2-yl,2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl, pent-3-yl,2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl, 2-methylbut-4-yl,2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl, hept-1-yl,oct-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl, 2-methylpent-3-yl,2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yl,3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl, 2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the R^((I)), R^((II)),R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals may eachindependently be methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, but-1-yl, pent-1-yl,hex-1-yl, hept-1-or oct-1-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicalsare substituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidino radical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a radical of the formula (6) to (9):

and the R^((I)) radical is a radical of the formula (6) to (9), whereeach p is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, and where s, r, q are each independently aninteger from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8, further preferably from 1to 4, selected.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant I) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a polyamine radical of the general formula[(CH₂)_(a)—N(R^((VIII)))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))_(g) ⁺,and the R^((I)) radical is a polyamine radical of the general formula—[(CH₂)_(a)—N(R^((VIII))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))_(g) ⁺,where each c is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, a and b are each independently an integer from 1to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, further preferably from 2 to 3, g is 0,1, 2 or 3 and R^((VII)) and R^((VIII)) are each independently hydrogen,methyl or ethyl.

In variant II) of the inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1)

-   -   only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s) not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or        different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl,        thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s) not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or        different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4        to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where

-   -   A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s) not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or        different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl,        thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where the R6 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20        carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or    -   B) only the R6 radical is in organic radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityl,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theorganic radical having a) at least one, preferably at least two,preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further preferablyat least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and b) at least one, preferably atleast two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, furtherpreferably at least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is aradical of the formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where Q and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical containing a) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom(s), and b) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, positively charged, preferably        quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and the aryl radical is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms, and    -   where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), or b) at least one,        preferably at least two, preferably at least three, positively        charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s).

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-done derivative, the organic radical having a)at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,preferably at least four, further preferably at least five, uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, and b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at leastthree, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s) not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, is a radical of the formula (2) or(3):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical containing a) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom(s), and b) at least one, preferably at least two,        preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further        preferably at least five, positively charged, preferably        quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and the aryl radical is a        substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20        carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic        system which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20        carbon atoms.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where either

A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the generalformula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and I are each        independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each        independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine,        iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and b) at least one,        preferably at least two, preferably at least three, positively        charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R6 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   or    -   B) only the R6 radical is an organic radical of the general        formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and I are each        independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each        independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine,        iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and b) at least one,        preferably at least two, preferably at least three, positively        charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the formula—CH₂(CH(OH))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g isan integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where either

-   -   A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the        general formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)-X or        —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-X,    -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, where X is an organic radical        having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or        —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—X are the same or different        and are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,        nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2        to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon        atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to        20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain        any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   or    -   B) only the R6 radical is an organic radical of the general        formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-X,    -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 19,        preferably from 1 to 17, further preferably from 1 to 13,        further preferably from 1 to 9, further preferably from 1 to 6,        further preferably from 1 to 4, and k, l are each independently        an integer from 0 to 6, preferably from 1 to 5, where D and E        are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,        bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where        R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or        benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl,        ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, where X is an organic radical        having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityi,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof,

In a further preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), only theR5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 0, 1 or 2 and f is aninteger from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is hydrogen, alkylhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms or an X radical, where X is an organic radical containing a) atleast one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,preferably at least four, further preferably at least five, uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and b) at least one, preferably at leasttwo, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, furtherpreferably at least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom(s), and

-   -   where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain        any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of thegeneral formula —CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 1, or 2and f is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is anester of an aminocarboxylic acid which derives from an aminocarboxylicacid, preferably alpha-aminocarboxylic acid, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of alanine,arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid,glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine,L-homoserine, ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine,L-(−)-carnitine, alpha-phenylglycine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine,gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, norleucine and2,6-diaminopimelic acid, further preferably arginine, glycine, lysine,ornithine, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, evenfurther preferably glycine and lysine, where preferably at least oneamino group in each case may be substituted by methyl radicals.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theorganic radical X having

-   -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), is a radical of the general formula (2):

where A is an oxygen or sulfur atom and where n is an integer from 1 to8 and m is an integer from 0 to 100, and where B is a radical of theformula (3a), (3b), (4a), (4b), (5a) or (5b):

and where the R^((I)) radical is an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, an alkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an etherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, a thioether radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where each ofthe R^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals isindependently hydrogen, an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, aheterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical,which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, analkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a thioetherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each of theaforementioned aryl radicals, heterocyclic radicals, alkyl radicals,alkenyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals, ether radicals, thioetherradicals and alkylamino radicals is substituted at least by one,preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at leastfour, further preferably at least five, amino radical(s) and/oralkylamino radical(s), which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1to 20 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical, and where the radical having the formula (4a) and the radicalhaving the formula (5a):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms, where 1 nitrogen atomforms a double bond, and where the radical having the formula (4b) andthe radical having the formula (5b):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (5a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (22a), (22b) and (22c):

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of arylradicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (4a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (23a), (23b) and (23c);

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,aryl radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or an alkyl radical of the general formula—(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃ and the R^((I)) radical is an alkyl radical of thegeneral formula —(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃, where each n is an integer from 0 to 19,preferably from 1 to 17, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV))), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl,but-2-yl, 2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl,pent-3-yl, 2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl,2-methylbut-4-yl, 2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl,hept-1-yl, oct-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl,2-methylpent-3-yl, 2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl,3-methylpent-1-yl, 3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl,2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or 2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, and the IV) radical ismethyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl, but-2-yl,2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl, pent-3-yl,2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl, 2-methylbut-4-yl,2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl, hept-1-yl,oct-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl, 2-methylpent-3-yl,2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yl,3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl, 2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the R^((I)), R^((II)),R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals may eachindependently be methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, but-1-yl, pent-1-yl,hex-1-yl, hept-1-or oct-1-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicalsare substituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidino radical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a radical of the formula (6) to (9):

and the R^((I)) radical is a radical of the formula (6) to (9), whereeach p is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, and where s, r, q are each independently aninteger from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8, further preferably from 1to 4, selected.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant II) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a polyamine radical of the general formula—[CH₂)_(a)—N(R^((VII)))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))_(g) ⁺, andthe R^((I)) radical is a polyamine radical of the general formula[(CH₂)_(a)N(R^((VII)))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))_(g) ⁺,where each c is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, a and b are each independently an integer from 1to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, further preferably from 2 to 3, g is 0,1, 2 or 3 and R^((VII)) and R^((VIII)) are each independently hydrogen,methyl or ethyl.

In variant III) of the inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1)

at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organic radicalhaving:

-   -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and        is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is hydrogen,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms,    -   and excluding the compound having the formula (20):

Preferably, the R3 radical is not a heterocyclic radical having 4 to 7carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom.

In a preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), the R5radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OH))₉CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal thereof, where g is aninteger from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where

-   -   at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4 or R6 radicals are an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, permanently positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one permanently positively charged, preferably        quaternary, nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and is        independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where the R6 radical, when R6 is not an organic radical        having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least one        permanently positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is hydrogen,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityl,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   at least 2 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals are independently an        organic radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and l are each        independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each        independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine,        iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or b) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals is the same or different        and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment, at least 2 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicalsare independently an organic radical of the general formula (2) or (3).

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   both R5 and R6 radicals are independently an organic radical of        the general formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and I are each        independently an integer from 0 to 6, where ED and E are each        independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine,        iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or b) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s) not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment, both R5 and R6 radicals areindependently an organic radical of the general formula (2) or (3).

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   at least 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is independently an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) and at least 1 R5        or R6 radical is independently an organic radical of the general        formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and I are each        independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each        independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine,        iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,        O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,        n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further        preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic        radical having    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), and    -   where aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted        heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom        and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,    -   and where the radical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic        system which is bonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon        atom in the heteroaromatic system and which contains a) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or b) at least        one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,        positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom(s), and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R5 or R6 radical which is not an organic radical of        the general formula (2), (3) or (4) is hydrogen, alkyl having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to        20 carbon atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment, at least 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicalis independently an organic radical of the general formula (2) or (3)and at least 1 R5 or R6 radical is independently an organic radical ofthe general formula (2), (3) or (4), preferably an organic radical ofthe general formula (2) or (3).

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   at least 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical and the R6 radical are each        independently an organic radical of the general formula (2), (3)        or (4):

-   -   and where the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the        general formula —CH₂(CH(OH))₉CH₂OH or an ether, ester or acetal        thereof, where g is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),

-   -   at least 2 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals are independently an        organic radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4):

-   -   and where the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the        general formula —CH₂(CH(OF))_(g)CH₂OH or an ether, ester or        acetal thereof, where g is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1        to 4, and    -   where the R6 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not an organic        radical of the general formula (2), (3) or (4) are the same or        different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having        5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1        to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does        not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical selectedfrom the group consisting of arabityl, ribityl, xylityl, erythrityl,threityl, lactityl, mannityl and sorbityl, further preferably D-ribityland D-arabityl, or an ether, ester or acetal thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), only theR5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of the general formula—CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 0, 1 or 2 and f is aninteger from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is hydrogen, alkylhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms or an X radical, where X is an organic radical containing a) atleast one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three,preferably at least four, further preferably at least five, uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and b) at least one, preferably at leasttwo, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, furtherpreferably at least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom(s), and

-   -   where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain        any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and    -   where the R1 to R4 radicals are the same or different and are        each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 1 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to        20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5        to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl which does not contain any        nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Further preferably, the R5 radical is an acyclic polyol radical of thegeneral formula —CH₂(CH(OZ))_(f)CH_((3-e))(OZ)_(e) where e is 1, or 2and f is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, and where Z is anester of an aminocarboxylic acid which derives from an aminocarboxylicacid, preferably alpha-aminocarboxylic acid, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of alanine,arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid,glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine,L-homoserine, ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine,L-(−)-carnitine, alpha-phenylglycine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine,gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, norleucine and2,6-diaminopimelic acid, further preferably arginine, glycine, lysine,ornithine, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, evenfurther preferably glycine and lysine, where preferably at least oneamino group in each case may be substituted by methyl radicals.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theorganic radical X having

-   -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s), and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s), is a radical of the general formula (2):

where A is an oxygen or sulfur atom and where n is an integer from 1 to8 and m is an integer from 0 to 100, and where B is a radical of theformula (3a), (3b), (4a), (4b), (5a) or (5b):

and where the R^((I)) radical is an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, an alkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an etherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, a thioether radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where each ofthe R^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals isindependently hydrogen, an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, aheterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical,which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, analkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a thioetherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each of theaforementioned aryl radicals, heterocyclic radicals, alkyl radicals,alkenyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals, ether radicals, thioetherradicals and alkylamino radicals is substituted at least by one,preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at leastfour, further preferably at least five, amino radical(s) and/oralkylamino radical(s), which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1to 20 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical,

-   -   and where the radical having the formula (4a) and the radical        having the formula (5a):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms, where 1 nitrogen atomforms a double bond, and where the radical having the formula (4b) andthe radical having the formula (5b):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (5a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (22a), (22b) and (22c):

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of arylradicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theradical of the formula (4a) is selected from the group consisting ofradicals of the formulae (23a), (23b) and (23c):

where each R^((IV)) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,aryl radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example phenyl or benzyl,heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, for example2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl,1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl or 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl, alkyl radicalswhich may be straight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms,for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl,alkenyl radicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example hydroxymethyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl or 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, etherradicals which may be straight-chain or branched and have 2 to 20 carbonatoms, for example methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl,ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl orpropoxypropyl, thioether radicals which may be straight-chain orbranched and have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, for examplemethylsulfanylmethyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, 2-ethylsulfanylethyl or3-methylsulfanylpropyl, and alkylamino radicals which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or an alkyl radical of the general formula—(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃ and the R^((I)) radical is an alkyl radical of thegeneral formula —(CH₂)_(n)—CH₃, where each n is an integer from 0 to 19,preferably from 1 to 17, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl,but-2-yl, 2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl,pent-3-yl, 2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl,2-methylbut-4-yl, 2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl,hept-1-yl, oct-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl,2-methylpent-3-yl, 2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl,3-methylpent-1-yl, 3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl,2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or 2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, and the R^((I)) radical ismethyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-1-yl, but-2-yl,2-methylprop-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-yl, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl, pent-3-yl,2-methylbut-1-yl, 2-methylbut-2-yl, 2-methylbut-3-yl, 2-methylbut-4-yl,2,2-dimethylprop-1-yl, hex-1-yl, hex-2-yl, hex-3-yl, hept-1-yl,act-1-yl, 2-methylpent-1-yl, 2-methylpent-2-yl, 2-methylpent-3-yl,2-methylpent-4-yl, 2-methylpent-5-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yl,3-methylpent-2-yl, 3-methylpent-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-1-yl,2,2-dimethylbut-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylbut-4-yl, 2,3-dimethylbut-1-yl or2,3-dimethylbut-2-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicals aresubstituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 4 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the R^((I)), R^((II)),R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals may eachindependently be methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, but-1-yl, pent-1-yl,hex-1-yl, hept-1-or act-1-yl, where the aforementioned alkyl radicalsare substituted at least by one, preferably at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,amino radical(s) and/or alkylamino radical(s) which may bestraight-chain or branched and have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for exampleaminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl or(trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidino radical.

In a preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a radical of the formulae (6) to (9):

and the R^((I)) radical is a radical of the formulae (6) to (9), whereeach p is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, and where s, r, q are each independently aninteger from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 8, further preferably from 1to 4, selected.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variant III) of the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), theR^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((V)) and R^((VI)) radicals are eachindependently hydrogen or a polyamine radical of the general formula—[(CH₂)_(a)—N(R^((VIII)))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))_(g) ⁺,and the R^((I)) radical is a polyamine radical of the general formula—[(CH₂)_(a)—N(R^((VII)))—(CH₂)_(b)—]_(c)NH_((3-g))(R^((VIII)))₉ ⁺, whereeach c is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7, furtherpreferably from 1 to 3, a and b are each independently an integer from 1to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, further preferably from 2 to 3, g is 0,1, 2 or 3 and R^((VIII)) and R^((VIII)) are each independently hydrogen,methyl or ethyl.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned alkyl radicals andalkenyl radicals may be straight-chain or branched, preferablystraight-chain, and be either unsubstituted or substituted by at leastone radical selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, sulfanyl,alkyloxy, preferably methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, i-propyloxy,n-butyloxy and n-pentyloxy, alkylsulfanyl, preferably methylsulfanyl,ethylsulfanyl, n-propylsulfanyl, i-propylsulfanyl, n-butylsulfanyl andn-pentylsulfanyl, alkanoyloxy, preferably formyloxy, acetoxy andn-propanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferablymethylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, i-propylamino and n-butylamino,dialkylamino having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably dimethylamino,ethylmethylamino, diethylamino and di-n-propylamino, trialkylammoniohaving 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably trimethylammonio,triethylammonio, methyldiethylammonio, ethyldimethylammonio andtri-n-propylammonio, and guanidino.

In a further-preferred embodiment, the aforementioned alkyl radicals areeach selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl,n-heptyl and n-octyl.

In a further-preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned cycloalkyl radicals andcycloalkenyl radicals may have oxygen and/or sulfur atoms as ring atomsand be either unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radicalselected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, sulfanyl, alkyloxy,preferably methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, i-propyloxy, n-butyloxy andn-pentyloxy, alkylsulfanyl, preferably methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl,n-propylsulfanyl, i-propylsulfanyl, n-butylsulfanyl andn-pentylsulfanyl, alkanoyloxy, preferably formyloxy, acetoxy andn-propanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferablymethylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, i-propylamino and n-butylamino,dialkylamino having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably dimethylamino,ethylmethylamino, diethylamino and di-n-propylamino, trialkylammoniohaving 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably trimethylammonio,triethylammonio, methyldiethylammonio, ethyldimethylammonio andtri-n-propylammonio, and guanidino.

In a further-preferred embodiment, the aforementioned cycloalkylradicals and cycloalkenyl radicals having oxygen and/or sulfur atoms asring atoms are each selected from the group consisting oftetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydropyranyl,tetrahydrothiopyranyl, dioxolanyl and dioxanyl.

In a preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of the compoundof the formula (1), the aforementioned aryl radicals each have not morethan 4, further preferably not more than 3, further preferably not morethan 2, fused rings. Even further preferably, the aryl radicals eachhave 1 ring.

In a preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of the compoundof the formula (1), the aforementioned aryl radicals are selected fromthe group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,phenanthenyl and pyrenyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned alkenyl radicals have 2to 17 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 13 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 2 to 9 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms.In a further-preferred embodiment, the aforementioned alkenyl radicalsare selected from the group consisting of ethenyl, n-propenyl andn-butenyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned aldehydes have 1 to 17carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 13 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 1 to 9 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.In a further preferred embodiment, the aforementioned aldehydes areselected from the group consisting of methanal-1-yl (formyl),ethanal-1-yl (2-oxoethyl), n-propanal-1-yl (3-oxopropyl) andn-butanal-1-yl (4-oxobutyl).

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned ketones have 2 to 17carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 14 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 3 to 9 carbon atoms. In a further-preferred embodiment, theaforementioned ketones are selected from the group consisting ofdimethyl ketyl, methyl ethyl ketyl, ethyl methyl ketyl, diethyl ketyl,methyl propyl ketyl, ethyl propyl ketyl, propyl methyl ketyl, propylethyl ketyl and dipropyl ketyl, which may be straight-chain or branched.

In a further-preferred embodiment, the aforementioned aldehyde radicalsand/or ketone radicals may be monosaccharide radicals, preferablypentose or ketose radicals.

Preferably, suitable monosaccharide radicals have 3 to 7 carbon atoms,preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms, and have one carbonyl group, preferablyaldehyde group or keto group, and at least one hydroxyl group and may beopen-chain or cyclic, preferably in the form of furanose or pyranose.

Preferably, suitable monosaccharide radicals derive from monosaccharidesselected from the group consisting of D-glyceraldehyde,L-glyceraldehyde, D-erythrose, L-erythrose, D-threose, L-threose,D-ribose, L-ribose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-xylose,D-lyxose, L-lyxose, D-allose, L-allose, D-altrose, L-altrose, D-glucose,L-glucose, D-mannose, L-mannose, D-gulose, L-gulose, D-idose, L-idose,D-galactose, L-galactose, D-talose, L-talose, dihydroxyacetone,D-erythrulose, L-erythrulose, D-ribulose, L-ribulose, D-xylulose,L-xylulose, D-psicose, L-psicose, D-fructose, L-fructose, D-sorbose,L-sorbose, D-tagatose and L-tagatose. Further preferably, suitablemonosaccharides are selected from the group consisting of D-ribose,L-ribose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-xylose, D-lyxose,L-lyxose, D-allose, L-allose, D-altrose, L-altrose, D-glucose,L-glucose, D-mannose, L-mannose, D-gulose, L-gulose, D-idose, L-idose,D-galactose, L-galactose, D-talose, L-talose, D-ribulose, L-ribulose,D-xylulose, L-xylulose, D-psicose, L-psicose, D-fructose, L-fructose,D-sorbose, L-sorbose, D-tagatose and L-tagatose.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned carboxylic esters have 1to 17 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In a further-preferred embodiment, theaforementioned carboxylic esters are selected from the group consistingof ethyl esters, n-propyl esters, i-propyl esters, n-butyl esters,sec-butyl esters, tert-butyl esters and benzyl esters.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned carboxamides have 1 to17 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms. In a further-preferred embodiment, theaforementioned carboxamides are selected from the group consisting ofamide, N-methylamide, N-ethylamide, N-(n-propyl)amide,N-(i-propyl)amide, N-(n-butyl)amide, N-(sec-butyl)amide,N-(tert-butyl)amide, N-phenylamide, N-benzylamide, N,N-dimethylamide,N-methyl-N-ethylamide, N,N-diethylamide, N-methyl-N-(n-propyl)amide,N-methyl-N-(i-propyl)amide, N-methyl-N-(n-butyl)amide,N-methyl-N-(sec-butyl)amide, N-methyl-N-(tert-butyl)amide,N-ethyl-N-(n-propyl)amide, N-ethyl-N-(i-propyl)amide,N-ethyl-N-(n-butyl)amide, N-ethyl-N-(sec-butyl)amide,N-ethyl-N-(tert-butyl)amide, N-(n-propyl)-N-(n-propyl)amide,N-(n-propyl)-N-(i-propyl)amide, N-(n-propyl)-N-(n-butyl)amide,N-(n-propyl)-N-(sec-butyl)amide, N-(n-propyl)-N-(tert-butyl)amide,N-(i-propyl)-N-(n-propyl)amide, N-(i-propyl)-N-(i-propyl)amide,N-(i-propyl)-N-(n-butyl)amide, N-(i-propyl)-N-(sec-butyl)amide,N-(i-propyl)-N-(tert-butyl)amide, N-(n-butyl)-N-(n-propyl)amide,N-(n-butyl)-N-(i-propyl)amide, N-(n-butyl)-N-(n-butyl)amide,N-(n-butyl)-N-(sec-butyl)amide, N-(n-butyl)-N-(tert-butyl)amide,N-(sec-butyl)-N-(n-propyl)amide, N-(sec-butyl)-N-(i-propyl)amide,N-(sec-butyl)-N-(n-butyl)amide, N-(sec-butyl)-N-(sec-butyl)amide,N-(sec-butyl)-N-(tert-butyl)amide, N-(tert-butyl)-N-(n-propyl)amide,N-(tert-butyl)N-(i-propyl)amide, N-(tert-butyl)-N-(n-butyl)amide,N-(tert-butyl)-N-(sec-butyl)amide, N-(tert-butyl)-N-(tert-butyl)amide,N,N-diphenylamide, N,N-dibenzylamide, N-phenyl-N-benzylamide,N-methyl-N-phenylamide, N-methyl-N-benzylamide, N-ethyl-N-phenylamide,N-ethyl-N-benzylamide, N-phenyl-N-(n-propyl)amide,N-phenyl-N-(i-propyl)amide, N-phenyl-N-(n-butyl)amide,N-phenyl-N-(sec-butyl)amide, N-phenyl-N-(tert-butyl)amide,N-benzyl-N-(n-propyl)amide, N-benzyl-N-(i-propyl)amide,N-benzyl-N-(n-butyl)amide, N-benzyl-N-(sec-butyl)amide andN-benzyl-N-(tert-butyl)amide.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned heteroaryl radical whichdoes not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms isselected from the group consisting of thiophenyl, furanyl,benzothiofuranyl and benzofuranyl.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned ether radicals have 2 to17 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 13 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 2 to 9 carbon atoms. In a further-preferred embodiment, theaforementioned ether radicals are selected, for example, from the groupconsisting of methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxy-n-propyl,ethoxymethyl, n-propoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethoxymethyl,2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl, i-propoxymethyl, tert-butyloxymethyl,dioxa-3,6-heptyl and benzyloxymethyl. In a further-preferred embodiment,the aforementioned ether radicals may be simple ether radicals,oligoether radicals, polyether radicals or mixtures thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III) of thecompound of the formula (1), the aforementioned thioether radicals have2 to 17 carbon atoms, further preferably 2 to 13 carbon atoms, furtherpreferably 2 to 9 carbon atoms. In a further-preferred embodiment, theaforementioned thioether radicals are selected, for example, from thegroup methylsulfanylmethyl, methylsulfanylethyl,3-methylsulfanyl-n-propyl, ethylsulfanylmethyl, n-propytsulfanylmethyl,2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanylmethyl,2-(2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)ethyl, 2-methylsulfanylpropyl,tert-butylsulfanymethyl and benzylsulfanymethyl consists.

In a further preferred embodiment of variants I), II) and III), thecompound of the formula (1) has a molecular weight of less than 1300g/mol, preferably less than 990 g/mol, further preferably less than 810g/mol, further preferably less than 690 g/mol, even further preferablyless than 610 g/mol, even further preferably less than 600 g/mol, evenfurther preferably less than 570 g/mol.

Chiral centers, unless stated otherwise, may be in the R or Sconfiguration. The invention relates both to the optically purecompounds and to stereoisomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures anddiastereomer mixtures, in any ratio.

The invention preferably also relates to mesomers and/or tautomers ofthe compound having the formula (1), both the pure compounds and theisomer mixtures in any ratio.

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III) of the compound of theformula (1), the organic radical having:

-   -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the Isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        in each case selected from the radicals of the formulae (30a) to        (37b)

In a further preferred embodiment of variant II) of the compound of theformula (1), the organic radical having:

-   -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   a) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is        a radical of the formula (32b): (32b)

In a further preferred embodiment of variant I) of the compound of theformula (1), the organic radical having:

-   -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the Isoalloxazine ring, is        in each case selected from the radicals of the formulae (32a),        (32c), (33a), (33b) to (37b)

In a further preferred embodiment of variant III), the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1) isselected from the group consisting of compounds having the formulae (40)to (44):

In a further preferred embodiment of variant I), the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1) isselected from the group consisting of compounds having the formulae (45)to (49) and (115) to (117):

One variant of the process for preparing a compound as claimed in claim1 comprises the following steps:

-   -   (A) reducing a substituted nitroaniline of the formula (9) to a        substituted o-phenylenediamine of the formula (10)

-   -   where each of the R7 to R10 radicals is the same or different        and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to        20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH,        —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organic radical        containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at        least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R11 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not        contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        —(C(D)(E))_(h)-OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an        organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the Isoalloxazine ring, and    -   (B) condensing the substituted    -   o-phenylenediamine of the formula (10) obtained in step (A) with        alloxane or the hydrate thereof to obtain a compound having the        formula (11):

-   -   (C) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11)        obtained in step (B) with an alkylating agent of the general        formula T-alkyl, T-alkenyl, T-cycloalkyl, T-cycloalkenyl,        T-(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, T-(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH,        T-aryl, T-(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or        T-(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—X, where the T radical is        hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, p-toluenesulfonyl (OTs),        methanesulfonyl (OMs), OH or R₂S⁺, where each R may        independently be the same or different and is preferably methyl,        ethyl, propyl or butyl, to obtain a compound having the formula        (12):

-   -   where the R12 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which has 4 to 20        carbon atoms and does not contain any nitrogen atom,        —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an        organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   (D) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11)        obtained in step (B) or the compound of the formula (12)        obtained in step (C) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or        iodine, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, and        subsequently with an organic compound containing at least one        uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom and/or b) at least one        positively charged nitrogen atom, when at least 1 R7, R8, R9,        R10, R11 or R12 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH or        —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH, to obtain the inventive        10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),    -   where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl,        O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,        n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C—(═O)—R^((IX)) where R^((IX)) is        hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or        thiol, further preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and    -   with the proviso that    -   I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring,    -   or    -   II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the Isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   or    -   III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring.

A further variant of the process for preparing a compound as claimed inclaim 1 comprises the following steps:

-   -   (A) condensing an amine having the formula R11-NH₂ with a        chlorouracil derivative of the formula (13), optionally in the        presence of a catalyst, preferably Lewis acid or Brønsted acid,        to obtain a compound having the formula (14):

-   -   where each of the R11 and R12 radicals is the same or different        and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not        contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        —(C(D)(E))_(h) —OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an        organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   (B) reacting the compound of the formula (14) obtained in        step (A) with a nitroso compound of the formula (15) to obtain a        compound of the formula (12):

-   -   where each of the R7 to R10 radicals, which may independently be        the same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,        nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2        to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen        atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH,        —(C(D)(E)_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organic radical        containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at        least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   (C) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (12)        obtained in step (B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or        iodine, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, and        subsequently with an organic compound containing at least one        tertiary nitrogen atom is reacted, when at least 1 R7, R8, R9,        R10, R11 or R12 radical is —(C(D)E))_(h)—OH or        —(C(DE))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(r)—OH, to obtain the inventive        10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1),        where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen,        preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl,        O—R^(VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propy, n-butyl,        phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen,        methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol,        further preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and    -   with the proviso that    -   I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, or    -   II) only I R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   or    -   III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring.

A further variant of the process according to the invention forpreparing a 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula(1) comprises the following steps:

-   -   (A) preparing a substituted aniline having the formula (122a) or        (122b) by (a) peptide coupling/reduction to an aniline having        the formula (121) or (b) reductive amination of an aniline        having the formula (121) with aldehydes or (c) Pd-catalyzed        coupling of a halide of the formula (124) to an amine of the        formula R11-NH₂ or (d) Pd-catalyzed coupling of an amine of the        formula (120) to a halide of the formula R11-NH₂

-   -   where each of the R7 to R10 radicals, which may independently be        the same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,        nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone        having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2        to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,        O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon        atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide        having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20        carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen        atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))h-OH,        —(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l-OH or an organic radical        containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom        not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at        least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R11 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3        to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,        aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not        contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,        —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an        organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the R20 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 19 carbon        atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, ether having 1 to 19        carbon atoms, thioether having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl        having 3 to 19 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 19 carbon        atoms, aryl having 5 to 19 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which has 4        to 19 carbon atoms and does not contain any nitrogen atoms,        —(C(D)(E))_(h-1)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k-1)-aryl-C(D)(E))_(l-1)-OH or        an organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged,        protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where the Hal radical is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine,

(B) reacting the substituted aniline having the formula (122a) obtainedin step (A) with violuric acid to obtain a compound of the formula(11z):

-   -   reacting the substituted aniline having the formula (122b)        obtained in step (A) with violuric acid to obtain a compound of        the formula (11):

(C) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11z) obtained instep (B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or iodine, optionally inthe presence of a catalyst, and subsequently with an organic compoundcontaining at least one tertiary nitrogen atom is reacted, when at least1 R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 or R20 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)-OH or—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-H, to obtain the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (12z):

where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferablychlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) whereR^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further preferably hydrogen orhydroxyl,

-   -   or        -   reacting the compound of the formula (11) obtained in            step (B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or iodine,            optionally in the presence of a catalyst, and subsequently            with an organic compound containing at least one tertiary            nitrogen atom is reacted, when at least 1 R7, R8, R9, R10,            R11 or R20 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH or            —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-C(D)(E))_(l)—OH, to obtain the inventive            10H-benzo[g]pterdine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula            (12):

where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferablychlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) whereR^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further preferably hydrogen orhydroxyl, and

-   -   with the proviso that    -   I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical        having:    -   a) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   b) at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least        four, further preferably at least five, positively charged,        preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the        isoalloxazine ring, or    -   II) only I R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably    -   b) at least three, preferably at least four, further preferably        at least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   or    -   III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least        three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least        five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen        atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the two process variants, none of the R7 toR12 or R7 to R11 and R20 radicals is an organic radical of the generalformula —(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—X, where Dand E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine,bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) ismethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX))where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl orbenzyl, or thiol, further preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and 1 R7 toR10 radical is methyl, in which case the process may comprise thefollowing steps:

-   -   (A) free-radically halogenating the compound (11) or (12) in the        presence of a free-radical initiator, preferably of a peroxide        or of an azo compound, to obtain a compound having the formula        (11a-11d) or (12a-12d):

where the Y radical is Cl, Br or I, and

B) reacting the compound obtained in step (A) and having the formula(11a-11d) or (12a-12d) with an organic compound containing at least onetertiary nitrogen atom to obtain the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1).

When different amino protecting groups PG are used in a synthesis, thereis the option of an orthogonal protecting group strategy, in which casedifferent amino functions in one molecule can be selectively releasedand reacted in succession.

Suitable methods for removing the amino protecting group PG are knownfrom the prior art. For example, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) can be removedagain by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogenolytic scission of thebenzyl-heteroatom bond with subsequent decarboxylation of the unstablecarbamic acid thus formed or treatment with acids.Di-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) can be removed, for example, by acidichydrolysis.

Allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) can be removed, for example, by the action oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and a nudeophile.

In a further preferred embodiment, steps (B) and/or (C) take place inthe presence of one or more solvents. Step (B) can be performed, forexample, in the presence of dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide(DMF) or acetonitrile (MeCN). Step (C) can be performed, for example, inthe presence of water/dichloromethane or toluene/tetrabutylammoniumiodide (TBAI). Preferably, step (C) is performed in the presence of abase, for example UOH, NaOH or an organic nitrogen base, for exampletriethylamine.

Unicellular or multicellular microorganisms may be triggers forinfectious diseases. Administration of at least one pathogen-specificantidote, for example antibiotic, antimycotic or virustat can reduce thenumber of pathogens and/or inactivate the pathogen. A pathogen-specificantidote can be administered systemically and/or topically.

In the case of systemic administration, the pathogen-specific antidoteis transferred to the blood system and/or lymph system of the body to betreated and is distributed over the entire body in this way. In the caseof systemic administration of the pathogen-specific antidote, there maybe degradation of the antidote and/or side effects, for example as aresult of a biochemical transformation (metabolization) of the antidote.

In the case of topical administration of pathogen-specific antidote, theantidote is applied where it is to act therapeutically, for example onan infected part of the skin, while the healthy skin is not stressed.Thus, systemic side effects can be substantially avoided.

Superficial skin or soft tissue infections need not necessarily betreated by a systemic administration of pathogen-specific antidote,since the antidote can be applied directly to the infected part of theskin.

The pathogen-specific antidotes known to date, both in the case ofsystemic and topical administration, have side effects and interactions,some of them severe. Furthermore, in the case of topical administration,unreliable taking of medicaments (compliance) on the part of thepatient, especially in the case of use of antibiotics, can result indevelopment of resistance.

An alternative here is the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms,where resistances to photodynamic inactivation are unknown. Irrespectiveof the nature of the microorganisms to be controlled and the associatedinfectious diseases, the number of pathogens is reduced and/or thepathogens are killed. For example, mixtures of various microorganisms,for example fungi and bacteria or different bacterial strains, can becontrolled.

A compound used in accordance with the invention as a photosensitizer,preferably for photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms, has theformula (1):

-   -   where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not        bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or    -   a) at least two positively charged nitrogen atoms not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least two positively charged nitrogen atoms not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and        is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least two positively charged nitrogen atoms not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and is        independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon        atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or    -   where II) only I R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic        radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring,    -   and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and        is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and is        independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon        atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or    -   where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an        organic radical having:    -   a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or    -   b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and    -   where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an        organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable        nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,        or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded        directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and        is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,        carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having        2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20        carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms,        carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having        1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon        atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl        having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or        heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain        any nitrogen atoms, and    -   where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic        radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen        atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at        least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly        to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and is        independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,        alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20        carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl        having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon        atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, a 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivativeof the formula (1) used in accordance with the invention does not haveany uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, for example in the form of an amino radical,methylamino radical or dimethylamino radical, or any positively chargednitrogen atom bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, for example inthe form of a pyridin-1-ium-1-yl radical or trimethylammonio radical.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative as claimed in any of claims 1to 5 or a pharmacologically compatible salt and/or ester and/or complexthereof is used as a photosensitizer, preferably in the photodynamicinactivation of microorganisms.

In a further-preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least oneOH-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (40) to (49)and (115) to (117) or a pharmacologically compatible salt and/or esterand/or complex thereof is used as a photosensitizer, preferably in thephotodynamic inactivation of microorganisms:

In a further-preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formulae (90) to (102)or a pharmacologically compatible salt and/or ester and/or complexthereof is used as a photosensitizer, preferably in the photodynamicInactivation of microorganisms:

The preparation of the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives ofthe formula (90) to (102) is described in WO 2010/019208 A1, which ishereby incorporated by reference.

In a further-preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (103) to (114)or a pharmacologically compatible salt and/or ester and/or complexthereof is used as a photosensitizer, preferably in the photodynamicinactivation of microorganisms:

The preparation of the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivatives ofthe formulae (103) to (114) is described in WO 2011/008247 A1, which ishereby incorporated by reference.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1) or apharmacologically compatible salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof isused as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic inactivation ofmicroorganisms, preferably in photodynamic therapy.

The 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance withthe invention, after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation ofsuitable wavelength and energy density, has a high yield of singletoxygen.

The electromagnetic radiation is preferably in the visible spectralregion, ultraviolet region and/or infrared region. Further preferably,the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength from a range from 280 to1000 nm, further preferably from 380 to 1000 nm.

Further preferably, the electromagnetic radiation has an energy densityfrom a range from 1 μW/cm² to 1 MW/cm², further preferably from 1 mW/cm²to 1 kW/cm².

The irradiation time can be varied as a function of the nature of themicroorganisms and/or the severity of the infection. The irradiationtime is preferably within a range from 1 μs to 1 h, further preferablyfrom 1 ms to 1000 s.

Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation is generated by a radiationsource selected from the group consisting of the sun and artificialradiation sources, for example UV lamp, IR lamp, phosphor lamps,light-emitting diodes, lasers or chemical light.

Furthermore, the inventors have found that, surprisingly, the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or pharmacologically acceptable salts and/or esters and/orcomplexes thereof preferably has a high affinity for microorganisms.

On account of the affinity, the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1) used in accordance with the invention canbind effectively to microorganisms and produce sufficient singlet oxygenlocally to inactivate, preferably kill, the microorganisms.

In this preferred use as a photosensitizer, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention is bound by microorganisms. After irradiation withelectromagnetic radiation of suitable wavelength and energy density,microorganisms are inactivated, preferably killed, by the reactiveoxygen species (ROS) formed, preferably oxygen radicals and/or singletoxygen.

Preferably, the binding of at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or of apharmacologically compatible salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof tomicroorganisms likewise allows staining or localization ofmicroorganisms. In this way, it is preferably also possible to monitorthe progress of the inactivation of microorganisms or of thedecolonization.

According to the invention, the term “decolonization” is understood tomean the removal, preferably complete removal, of microorganisms.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used in the inactivation of unicellular ormulticellular microorganisms, preferably selected from the groupconsisting of viruses, archaea, bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, forexample mycelium fungi and yeasts, fungal spores, protozoa, algae andblood-transmissible parasites.

It is possible with preference to treat surfaces of the body, forexample the skin or mucous membrane, of humans and animals, preferablymammals. In this preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, preferably in a pharmaceutical formulation, is used inthe disinfection and/or decolonization of surfaces of skin or softtissue, preferably with preservation of skin integrity.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is present in a pharmaceutical formulation for topical,preferably nasal, oral, anal, vaginal or dermal, administration.

Topical administration is also understood to mean application on or inthe ear, preferably the outer ear. The outer ear comprises the earcartilage, the pinna, the earlobe and the outer auditory canal or elseear canal, and the outside of the eardrum.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulationin the prophylaxis and/or treatment of an infectious, preferably viral,bacterial and/or mycotic, skin disease which is preferably selected fromthe group consisting of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, impetigo,skin abscess, furuncle, carbuncle, phlegmon, cellulitis, acutelymphadenitis, pilonidal cysts, pyoderma, purulent dermatitis, septicdermatitis, suppurative dermatitis, erythrasma, erysipelas, acnevulgaris and fungal infection.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulationin wound healing, for example in the event of disrupted healing aftersurgical interventions.

Preferably, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative usedin accordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof, or a pharmaceutical formulationcomprising at least one inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used in the disinfection and/or reduction of themicrobe count in infected wounds.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulationin the prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious, preferably viral,bacterial and/or mycotic, disorders of the ear, of the upper respiratorypathway, of the oral cavity, of the throat, of the larynx, of the lowerrespiratory pathway and/or of the esophagus.

The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms is, for example, the maincause of infections in the oral cavity. The problem occurs that themicroorganisms are organised synergetically in biofilms of extremelycomplex structure. These biofilms, for example plaque or dentaldeposits, consist of several layers of complex structure and containproteins, carbohydrates, phosphates and microorganisms. Dental depositsarise particularly where tooth surfaces cannot be kept free of depositsby natural or artificial cleaning. This fact makes it difficult to findaccess to the microorganisms incorporated within the blofilm.

Conventional treatments, for example antibiotics and rinse solutions ormechanical tooth cleaning, can be used only to a limited degree, sincethey do not directly affect the bacteria, for example in the case oftooth cleaning, can be dosed and applied only with difficulty, forexample in the case of antibiotics and rinse solutions, or generalapplication is unjustified because of adverse accompanying phenomena.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof is used as aphotosensitizer in the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms inthe oral cavity.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for production of a pharmaceutical formulationin the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an infectious, preferably viral,bacterial and/or mycotic, disorder of the dental tissue, preferablyplaque, caries or pulpitis, and/or infectious, preferably viral,bacterial and/or mycotic, disorder of the periodontium, preferablygingivitis, paradontitis, endodontitis or periimplantitis.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, or a pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, is used in the cleaning of teeth, dentures and/ordental braces.

In a further preferred embodiment, the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof, or a pharmaceuticalformulation comprising at least one inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof, is used in thenasal decolonization of microorganisms.

For example, methicllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strainspersist for months in the event of nasal colonization, and have a highenvironmental resistance. Therefore, nasal decolonization, i.e. removalof the microorganisms, generally also reduces colonization in otherparts of the body.

The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative usedin accordance with the invention of the formula (1) or apharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof,preferably at least one inventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative of the formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof.

The pharmaceutical composition is preferably produced by mixing at leastone compound of the formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof with one or more physiologicallyacceptable excipient(s) and converted to a suitable administration form.

A suitable administration form of the inventive pharmaceuticalcomposition is preferably selected from the group consisting ofointment, cream, gel, lotion, shake lotion, solution, for example indroplet or spray form, powder, microcapsule and paste.

The inventive pharmaceutical formulation can be applied topically,preferably nasally, orally, anally, vaginally or dermally.

Useful physiologically acceptable excipients include thepharmaceutically customary liquid or solid fillers and extenders,solvents, emulsifiers, glidants, flavor correctors, dyes and/or buffersubstances.

In a further preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositioncomprises an effective amount of at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, the effective amount being from 0.01 μg to 1000 μg pergram of the composition, preferably from 0.1 μg to 500 μg per gram ofthe composition.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprises at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof and at least onefurther pharmaceutically active constituent.

Preferably, the at least one further pharmaceutically active constituentis selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antimycotics,virustatics, antihistamines, sympathomimetics, antihemorrhagics,emollients and skin protection agents, analgesics, disinfectants,immunosera and immunoglobulins, antiparasitic substances, insecticides,repellents and corticosteroids.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, or a pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, is applied by the user him/herself and, optionally,Irradiated subsequently with a suitable radiation source which generateselectromagnetic radiation of suitable wavelength and energy density.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pterdine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, or a formulation comprising at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, is used in the inactivation of microorganisms inmedical blood products.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof is used forinactivation of microorganisms on surfaces of all kinds. Furtherpreferably, the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used inaccordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof is used in surface cleaning and/orcoating, preferably of medical products, food and drink packaging orhygiene articles.

Further preferably, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof is applied to and/orintroduced onto surfaces and, optionally, subsequently irradiated with asuitable radiation source which generates electromagnetic Irradiation ofsuitable wavelength and energy density. Preferably, the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof brings about “self-disinfection” of the surface duringthe Irradiation.

The irradiation may directly follow the treatment of the surface with atleast one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordancewith the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or esterand/or complex thereof, preferably the application of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof to the surface and/or introduction of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof into the surface, and/or be effected at a laterjuncture.

Further preferably, articles having thermally limited shelf life aretreated, for example articles made from thermoplastics, or articleswhich are attacked by disinfectants.

Articles having a thermally limited shelf life can, for example, be onlyinadequately sterilized, since they lose shape or become brittle atrelatively high temperatures.

Furthermore, in the event of improper and/or excessive use ofdisinfectants, development of resistance can result from selection ofrobust microorganisms when, for example, the active ingredientconcentration and contact time and hence the microbe-reducing effect islow.

In a further-preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for inactivation of microorganisms on surfacesof medical products, preferably invasive medical implements, for examplecatheters, hollow probes, tubes or needles.

The medical products are preferably selected from wound dressings,bandages, catheters, hollow probes, tubes and needles.

Further preferably, medical products are also understood to mean dentalimpressions or dentures, for example prostheses, crowns or implants.

Preferably, a treatment of the surface of medical products with at leastone 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof and/or coating and/or immobilization of at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof on the surface of medical products and subsequentirradiation with electromagnetic radiation of suitable wavelength andenergy density reduces, preferably prevents, the colonization ofmicroorganisms on the surfaces treated.

The irradiation may directly follow the treatment of the surface with atleast one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordancewith the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or esterand/or complex thereof, preferably the application of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof to the surface and/or introduction of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof into the surface, and/or be effected at a laterjuncture, before or during the use of the treated medical product.

In a further-preferred use of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof in wound dressings and/or bandages, for example cottongauze, irradiation with electromagnetic radiation of suitable wavelengthand energy density can be effected during or after the application of awound dressing and/or bandage comprising the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, as a result of which there is a subsequent reduction,preferably inactivation, of microorganisms in the wound region ortreated parts of the skin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the wound dressing and/or bandagecomprises, as well as at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof, furtherconstituents, preferably absorbents, for example calcium alginate orpolyurethane foam, or further pharmaceutically active substances.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for inactivation of microorganisms on surfacesof food and drink packaging.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof is used for inactivation of microorganisms in a liquidor a liquid, preferably aqueous, formulation, for example emulsionpaint.

The liquid is preferably water.

In this case, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivativeused in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptablesalt and/or ester and/or complex thereof can be used for treatment ofwater for the drinks and food industry, the pharmaceutical, chemical andcosmetics industry, the electrical industry. In addition, at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof can be used in drinking water and rainwater treatment,the treatment of wastewater, or in the treatment of water for use in airconditioning.

In this preferred use of at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or of apharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof,the liquid or the liquid formulation can subsequently be irradiated witha suitable radiation source which generates electromagnetic radiation ofsuitable wavelength and energy density. Preferably, the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof brings about “self-disinfection” of the liquid or of theliquid formulation during the irradiation.

In a further preferred use of the at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or of a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or esters and/orcomplex thereof, the 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative may bebound to a solid carrier and thus be used as part of a solid matrix.

More preferably, at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivativeused in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptablesalt and/or ester and/or complex thereof bound to a solid carrier isintroduced into the liquid to be treated, preferably water or blood.

A particularly preferred carrier is a polymer which carries at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof in a covalently bonded manner. This composition,comprising the carrier and at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereof, developsantimicrobial activity as soon as it is exposed to electromagneticradiation of suitable wavelength and energy density.

The present invention further relates to a coated article whichcomprises and/or has been coated with at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof.

The surface of the coated article preferably comprises at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof.

The coated article can subsequently be irradiated with a suitableradiation source which generates the automatic radiation of suitablewavelength and energy density. Preferably, the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof brings about “self-disinfection” of the surface of thecoated article.

The irradiation may directly follow the treatment of the coated articlewith at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used inaccordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof, preferably the application of theat least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used inaccordance with the invention to the surface of the coated articleand/or introduction of the at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivative used in accordance with the invention into the surface of thecoated article, and/or be effected at a later juncture, preferablybefore or during the use of the coated article.

Suitable articles are preferably selected from the group consisting ofmedical products, food and drink packaging, and hygiene articles.

In a further preferred embodiment of the coated article, particlescoated with at least one 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative usedin accordance with the invention or a pharmacologically acceptable saltand/or ester and/or complex thereof are, for example, inorganic ororganic particles.

Further preferably, the particles comprise at least one10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative used in accordance with theinvention or a pharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/orcomplex thereof, which is covalently bonded to the particles.

The invention is illustrated hereinafter by figures and examples,without being restricted thereto.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of various 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivatives Overview of the Syntheses

All chemicals used were purchased commercially from the usual suppliers(TCl, ABCR, Acros, Merck and Fluka) and used without furtherpurification. Solvents were distilled before use and, if required, driedin the customary manner. Dry DMF was purchased commercially from Fluka(Taufkirchen, Germany).

Thin-layer chromatography was conducted on thin aluminum foils coatedwith silica gel 60 F254, from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Preparativethin-layer chromatography was conducted on commercially available glassplates coated with silica gel 60 (20 cm×20 cm, Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG,Karlsruhe, Germany)). The compounds were detected by UV light (λ=254 nm,333 nm) and some were detected with the naked eye or stained withninhydrin. Chromatography was conducted with silica gel (0.060-0.200)from Acros (Waltham, USA).

NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker Avance 300 spectrometer (300 MHz[¹H NMR], 75 MHz [¹³C NMR]) (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, USA).

All chemical shifts are reported in δ [ppm]relative to the externalstandard (tetramethylsilane, TMS). The coupling constants are eachreported in Hz; characterization of the signals: s=singlet, d=doublet,t=triplet, m=multiplet, dd=doublet of doublets, br=broad. Theintegration determines the relative number of atoms. The signals in thecarbon spectra are determined unambiguously by means of the DEPT method(pulse angle: 135°). Error limits: 0.01 ppm for ¹H NMR, 0.1 ppm for ¹³CNMR and 0.1 Hz for coupling constants. The solvent used is stated foreach spectrum.

The IR spectra were recorded on a Biorad Excalibur FTS 3000 spectrometer(Bio-Red Laboratories GmbH, Munich, Germany).

ES-MS were measured with a ThermoQuest Finnigan TSQ 7000 spectrometer,all HR-MS were recorded on a ThermoQuest Finnigan MAT 95 (each fromThermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Waltham, USA) spectrometer, and argonserved as the ionizing gas for FAB.

Melting points were determined with the aid of the BOchi SMP-20 meltingpoint measuring instrument (BOchi Labortechnik GmbH, Essen, Germany)using a glass capillary.

All UVN is spectra were recorded with a Varian Cary 50 Bio UV/VISspectrometer, and fluorescence spectra with a Varian Cary Eclipsespectrometer (each from Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA).

The solvents for absorption and emission measurements were purchased inspecific spectroscopic purity from Acros or Baker, and Uvasol fromMerck. Millipore water (18 MΩ, Milli Q_(Plus)) was used for allmeasurements.

2-N-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminoethyl bromide^([i])1,2-dinitro-4,5-dimethylbenzene (51)^([ii]),butyl(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)amine (52) and10-butyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione (56)^([iii]),N-[2-({[(tert-butyl)oxy]carbonyl})amino)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2-nitro-aniline,riboflavin tetraacetate^([iv]), N¹,N²-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)diethylenetriamine^([v]) andN¹,N²,N³,N⁴-tetr(tert-butoxycarbonyl)tetraethylenepentamine^([vi]),N-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium iodide^([vii]),2,3,4-triacetoxy-1-[3-(3-iodopropyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-ylmethyl]butylacetate (79)^([viii]), and also3,10-bis[2′-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)eth-1′-yl]-7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]-pteridine-2,4-dioneand 3,10-bis(2′-aminoeth-1′-yl)-7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionehydrochloride (65)^([ix]), were prepared by literature methods:

-   [i]N. Sakal, D. Gerard, S. Matile, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123,    2517-2524.-   [ii] a) A. Monge, J. A. Palop, A. López de Cerá in, V.    Senador, F. J. Martinez-Crespo, Y. Sainz, S, Narro, E. Garcia, C. de    Miguel, M. GonzAlez, E. Hamilton, A. J. Barker, E. D. Clarke, D. T.    Greenhow, J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1786-1792; b) T. Sugaya, K.    Nobuyukl, A. Sakaguchi, S. Tomioka, Synthesis 1995,    1257-1262; c) R. R. Holmes, R. P. Bayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82,    3454-3456.-   [iii] O. Wiest, Ch. B. Harrison, N. J. Saettel, R. Cibulka, M.    Sax, B. König, J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 8183-8185-   [iv] McCormick, D. B. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1970, 7, 447-450.-   [v]C. Moura, R. F. Vitor, L. Maria, A. Paulo, I. C. Santos, I.    Santos, Dalton Trans., 2006, 5630-5640-   [vi] S. Srinivasacharl, K. M. Fichter, Th. M. Reineke, J. Am. Chem.    Soc. 2008, 130, 4618-4627-   [vii] Y. Xao, L. Chu, Y. Sanakis, P. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009,    131, 9931-9933-   [viii] A. Barthel, L. Trieschmann, D. Ströhl, R. Kluge, G. Böhm,    Rene Csuk, Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2009, 342, 445-452-   [ix] J. Svoboda, H. Schmaderer, B. König, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14,    1854-1865

Bromocholine hydrobromide was purchased with a purity of >98% from TClDeutschland GmbH (Eschbom, Germany) and used without furtherpurification.

General Method I): Conversion of 1,2-dinitro-4,5-dimethlbenzene tosubstituted 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitroanilines

1,2-Dinitro-4,5-dimethylbenzene (3.92 g, 20 mmol) and the respectiveamine specified in table 1 (100 mmol) were refluxed in dry ethanol (100mL) and freshly distilled triethylamine (50 mL) at oil bath temperature90° C. under nitrogen for 2 days. After cooling to room temperature, thesolvent mixture was drawn off under reduced pressure and the residue wasdried.

TABLE 1 Amines used Example Target compound Amine used — (52)H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ Ia) (53) H₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂ Ib) (54)H₂NCH₂CH₂NH(Boc)CH₂CH₂NHBoc Ic) (55) H₂NCH₂CH₂(NH(Boc)CH₂CH₂)₃NHBoc Id)(150)  H₂NCH₂CH₂(NH(Boc)CH₂CH₂)₂NHBoc

Ia) N′-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (53)

The crude product was recrystallized from ethanol. This gives 2.99 g oforange crystal needles (63% of theory, 126 mmol).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=2.17 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s,6H), 2.71 (t, 2H, J=544 Hz), 3.32 (m, 2H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),8.19 (bs, 1H);-MS (Cl-MS, NH₃): m/z (%)=238.1 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=237.30g/mol-MF=C₁₂H₁₉N₃O₂

Ib)(2-{tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylamino)ethyl]amino}-ethyl)carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (54)

The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gelwith ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 1:4, which gave an orange solid.(6.97 g, 77% of theory, 15.4 mmol).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.43 (s, 9H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 2.18 (s,3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.53 (app.d, 2H), 4.78 (bs, 1H), 6.69 (m, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m, 1H);-MS(ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=453.1 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=452.56g/mol-MF=C₂₂H₃₆N₄O₆

Ic){2-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(2-tert-butoxcarbonylaminoethyl)amino]ethyl}-(2-{tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylamino)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (55)

The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gelwith ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 1:6, and a yellow/orange solid wasobtained (9.01 g, 61% of theory, 12.2 mmol).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.40 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.43 (s,9H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.39 (m, 10H),3.41-3.59 (m, 6H), 4.72 (bs, 1H), 4.80 (bs, 1H), 4.96-5.03 (m, 2H), 6.70(m, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z(%)=739.1 (100, (MH*));-MW=738.93 g/mol-MF=C₃₂H₆₂N₆O₁₀

Id){2-[tert-butoxycarbonylamino]ethyl}-(2-{tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylamino)ethyl]amino}ethyl)carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (150)

The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gelwith ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 1:6, and a yellow/orange solid wasobtained (6.58 g, 55% of theory, 11.0 mmol).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.41 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.43 (s,9H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.37 (m, 8H), 3.42-3.57 (m, 4H),4.71 (bs, 1H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS,H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=596.1 (100, (MH*));-MW=595.61g/mol-MF=C₂₉H₄N₅O₈

General Method II): Conversion of Substituted 2-nitroanilines to theCorresponding monosubstituted 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionederivatives

The respective 2-nitroaniline (53) to (55) and (150) obtained above inIa) to Id) (10 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL). Palladium onactivated carbon (100 mg, 10% Pd) was added and the mixture was stirredat hydrogen pressure 20 bar in an autoclave at room temperature for 14h. The colorless solution was filtered into a Schlenk flask with anitrogen atmosphere, and alloxane monohydrate (4.00 g, 25 mmol) andboric acid (15.50 g, 250 mmol) were added. The flask was wrapped inaluminum foil and the mixture was stirred in the dark under nitrogen atroom temperature for 2 days. The orange/yellow suspension was dilutedwith water (200 mL) and extracted four times with dichloromethane (150mL each time). The combined organic phases were washed with water (100mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotaryevaporation.

IIa)10-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione(57)

The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel withethyl acetate/methanol 20:1→5:2. Orange solid (2.22 g, 7.07 mmol, 71% oftheory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=2.34 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.91 (s,6H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 11.38 (s,1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=314.0 (100,(MH⁺));-MW=313.36 g/mol-MF=C₁₆H₁₉N₅O₂

IIb)(2-{tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (58)

The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel withdichloromethane/methanol 95:5. The product is an orange solid (3.51 g,6.64 mmol, 66% of theory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.42 (s, 9H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.38 (s,3H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.76 (m, 4H), 5.02(bs, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 9.81 (s, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS,H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=529.0 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=528.61g/mol-MF=C₂H₃N₆O₆

IIc){2-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)amino]ethyl}-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl[2-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)ethyl]amino)ethylcarbamicacid tert-butyl ester (59)

The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel withdichloromethane/methanol 95:5. Orange solid (4.30 g, 5.28 mmol, 53% oftheory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.36-1.53 (m, 36H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.50(s, 3H), 3.10-3.50 (m, 14H), 3.55-3.75 (m, 2H), 5.07 (bs, 1H), 7.80 (s,1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 9.73 (s, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z(%)=815.1 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=814.99 g/mol-MF=C₄₀H₆₂N₈O₁₀

IId){2-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl}-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (151)

The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel withdichloromethane/methanol 95:5. Yellow/orange solid (3.28 g, 4.88 mmol,49% of theory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.33-1.51 (m, 27H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.52(s, 3H), 3.12-3.48 (m, 10H), 3.53-3.76 (m, 2H), 5.04 (bs, 1H), 7.82 (s,1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 9.71 (s, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z(%)=815.1 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=671.8 g/mol-MF=C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₈

General Method II): Deprotection of Boc-protected Flavin Derivatives

The respective flavin (2.0 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100mL), HCl in diethyl ether (10 mL) was added dropwise and the reactionmixture was stirred in the dark with exclusion of moisture overnight.The precipitate was filtered off with suction, washed with diethyl etherand dried.

IIIa)(2-aminoethyl-2-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)ethylaminedihydrochloride (63)

The flavin (58) obtained in IIb) was deprotected by general method III)and a light brown solid (0.79 g, 1.97 mmol, 98% of theory) was obtained.

IR (neat); v [cm⁻¹]=3440 (m), 1714 (s), 1616 (s), 1584 (s), 1544 (s),1459 (m), 1346 (m), 1252 (s), 1194 (m), 1024 (w), 931 (w), 876 (w), 809(w), 772 (w);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=330.1 (47, (MH⁺)),165.0 (100, (M+2H)⁺)²⁺);-MW=330.39+2×35.45 g/mol-MF=C₁₆H₂₂N₆O2Cl₂

IIIb)10-(2-{2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino}ethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionetetrahydrochloride (14)

The flavin (59) obtained in IIc) was deprotected by general method III)and a light brown solid (0.97 g, 1.71 mmol, 86% of theory) was obtained.

IR (neat); v [cm⁻¹]=3440 (m), 1713 (s), 1618 (s), 1583 (s), 1541 (s),1458 (m), 1344 (m), 1256 (s), 1192 (m), 1023 (w), 932 (w), 878 (w), 808(w), 771 (w);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=418.1 (63, (MH)),209.0 (100, (M+2H⁺)²⁺);-MW=418.55+4×35.45 g/mol-MF=C₂₀H₃₄N₈O₂Cl₄

IIId)O-(2-{2-[2-ethylamino]ethylamino}ethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionetrihydrochloride (152)

The flavin (151) obtained in IId) was deprotected by general method III)and an orange/brown solid (0.81 g, 1.40 mmol, 70% of theory) wasobtained.

IR (neat); ν [cm⁻¹]=3442 (m), 1711 (s), 1616 (s), 1584 (s), 1542 (s),1458 (m), 1346 (m), 1258 (s), 1193 (m), 1024 (w), 932 (w), 877 (w), 806(w), 772 (w);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=474.1 (49, (MH⁺)),237.0 (100, (M+2H⁺)²⁺);-MW=474.47+3×35.45 g/mol-MF=C₁₈H₂₈N₇O₂Cl₃

IV)[2-(10-butyl-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-4,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-yl)-ethyl]trimethylammoniumbromide (60)

Flavin (56) (310 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (20 mL), cesiumcarbonate (1.63 g, 5 mmol) and bromocholine hydrobromide (0.5 g, 2.0mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in thedark for 1 d. Bromocholine hydrobromide (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol) was againadded and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in the dark for afurther day. The DMF was drawn off and the residue was suspended inchloroform/methanol 6:1 (50 mL). The suspension was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified bypreparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel (CHCl₃/MeOH-4:1) andpurified by recrystallization from water.

Yield: 161 mg of an orange solid (0.347 mmol, 35% of theory)

R_(f)=0.1 (CHCl:MeOH-4:1)

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm]=0.97 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.48 (m, 2H),1.70 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.35 (m, 8H), 3.95 (t,2H, J=6 Hz), 4.56 (t, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H);-MS(ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=384.1 (100, (M⁺));-MW=384.51+79.90g/mol-MF=C₂₁H₃₀N₅O₂Br

V)[10-butyl-3-(2-trimethylammoniumethyl)-7-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,4,10-tetrahydrobenzo[g]pteridin-8-ylmethyl]triethylammoniumdibromide (62)

[2-(10-Butyl-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-4,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-yl)ethyl]-trimethylammoniumbromide (60) (140 mg, 0.3 mmol) was suspended in 15 ml of dioxane. Themixture was brought to reflux temperature, dibenzoyl peroxide (10 mg ina little dioxane) was added, and 0.80 g of dioxane dibromide (3.0 mmol)in 5 mL of dioxane was added dropwise. The mixture was refluxed for 30min and cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was drawn off underreduced pressure.

The crude 8α-bromoflavin (61) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL), the solutionwas degassed and triethylamine (0.60 g, 0.76 mL, 6.0 mmol) was addeddropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred in the dark at 50° C. underN₂ overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixturewas added dropwise to 200 mL of ice-cold diethyl ether, and the crudeproduct was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on RP-18gel with MeCN/water 9:1→4:1. For further purification, the product wasrecrystallized from water.

A brown solid (31 mg, 0.048 mmol, 16% of theory) was obtained.

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=484.1 (37, (M⁺)), 242.0 (100,(M²⁺));-MW=484.69+2×79.90 g/mol-MF=C₂₇H₄₄N₆OBr₂

VI)3,10-bis(2-trimethylammoniumethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-1H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionedibromide (68)

3,10-bis(2′-Aminoeth-1′-yl)-7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionehydrochloride (65) (400 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (20 mL),cesium carbonate (1.32 g, 4.0 mmol) and methyl iodide (1.42 g, 10.0mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred in the dark at roomtemperature for 20 h. The suspension was diluted with chloroform (100mL) and washed with water (30 mL). The organic phase was dried overmagnesium sulfate and the solvents were drawn off under reducedpressure. The crude product was purified by preparative thin-layerchromatography on silica gel (CHCla/MeOH-4:1).

Yield: 404 mg of an orange solid (0.61 mmol, 61% of theory)

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=2.42 (s, 3H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.42(m, 16H), 4.15 (d, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 4.93 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 7.96 (s, 1H),8.32 (s, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=414.1 (48, (M⁺)),207.0 (100, (M²⁺));-MW=414.56+2×126.90 g/mol-MF=C₂₂H₃₄NeO₂I₂

VII)3-(2-trimethylammoniumethyl)-10-{2-[(2-trimethylammoniumethyl)dimethyl-ammonium]ethyl}-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dionetribromide (71)

The flavin (57) obtained in IIa) (300 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in dryDMF (20 mL), cesium carbonate (1.96 g, 6 mmol) and bromocholinehydrobromide (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirredat room temperature in the dark for 1 d. Bromocholine hydrobromide (0.5g, 2.0 mmol) was again added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature in the dark for a further day. The DMF was drawn off and theresidue was suspended in chloroform/methanol 3:1 (50 mL). The suspensionwas filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residuewas purified by chromatography on RP-18 gel with MeCN/water 9:1→4:1. Forfurther purification, the product was recrystallized from water.

Yield: 213 mg of an orange solid (0.293 mmol, 29% of theory)

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=486.1 (11, (M⁺)), 243.0 (100,(M²⁺)), 162.0 (7, (M³⁺));-MW=486.69+3×79.90 g/mol-MF=C₂₆H₄₄N₇O₂Br₃

VII)(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-{2-[3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl]ethyl}dimethyl-ammoniumbromide (69)

The flavin (57) obtained In IIa) (300 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in dryDMF (20 mL), and potassium carbonate (1.4 g, 10 mmol) and potassiumiodide (1.1 g, 6 mmol) were added. After stirring at room temperaturefor 20 minutes, 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl bromide (1.15 g, 5mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added dropwise and the mixture was stirred inthe dark at room temperature for 1 d.2-(tert-Butyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl bromide (0.58 g, 2.5 mmol) was againadded and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in the dark for afurther day. The DMF was drawn off and the residue was dissolved indichloromethane (200 mL). It was washed successively with aqueous sodiumhydrogencarbonate solution (5%, 50 mL) and water (60 mL), dried overMgSO₄ and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was purifiedby preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel withchloroform/methanol 6:1.

Yield: 301 mg of an orange solid (0.442 mmol, 44% of theory)

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=600.1 (100,(M⁺));-MW=600.74+79.90 g/mol-MF=C₃₀H₄₆N₇O₆Br

IX)(2-aminoethyl)-{2-[3-(2-aminoethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-beno[g]pteridin-10-yl]ethyl}dimethylammoniumchloride dihydrochlorlde (70)

The flavin (69) obtained in VIII) was deprotected by general method IIIand 0.93 g of a light brown solid (1.83 mmol, 92% of theory) wasobtained.

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=402.1 (16, (MH⁺)), 201.0 (100,((M+2H⁺)²⁺)), 134.0 (4, ((M+3H⁺)³⁺));-MW=402.52+3×35.45g/mol-MF=C₂₀H₃₂N₇O₂Cl₃

X)[3,10-bis(2-aminoethyl)-7-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,4,10-tetrahydro-benzo[g]pteridin-8-ylmethyl]triethylammoniumbromide dihydrochloride (67)

3,1-bis(2′-Aminoeth-1′-yl)-7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-donehydrochloride (65) (400 mg, 1.0 mmol) was suspended in 25 ml of dioxane.The mixture was brought to reflux temperature, dibenzoyl peroxide (20 mgin a little dioxane) was added, and 0.80 g of dioxane dibromide (3.0mmol) in 5 mL of dioxane was added dropwise. The mixture was refluxedfor 30 min and cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was drawn offunder reduced pressure.

The crude 8α-bromoflavin (66) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL), the solutionwas degassed and triethylamine (1.01 g, 1.26 mL, 10.0 mmol) was addeddropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred in the dark at 50° C. underN₂ overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixturewas added dropwise to 200 mL of ice-cold diethyl ether, and the crudeproduct was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on RP-18gel with MeCN/water 9:1→4:1. For further purification, the product wasrecrystallized from water.

A brown solid (53 mg, 0.091 mmol, 9% of theory) was obtained.

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=430.1 (12, (MH⁺)), 215.0 (100,((M+2H⁺)²⁺)), 143.2 (2, ((M+3H⁺)³⁺));-MW=430.58+79.90+2×35.45g/μmol-MF=C₂₂H₃₆N₇O₂BrCl₂

XI)1-{3-[7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-10-(2,3,4,5-tetraacetoxypentyl)-4,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-yl]propyl}methyl-[4,4′]bipyridinyl-1-iumdiiodide (80)

2,3,4-Triacetoxy-1-[3-(3-iodopropyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-ylmethyl]butylacetate (79) (0.75 g, 1.05 mmol) was stirred withN-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium iodide (356 mg, 1.2 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (0.1 g,1.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere in the dark at 50° C.for 24 h. The solvent was drawn off under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography (CHCl/MeOH6:1).

This gives 312 mg of a light brown solid (0.34 mmol, 33% of theory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD): δ [ppm]=1.71 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s,3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.49 (m, 2H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 4.26 (s,3H), 4.18-4.30 (m, 3H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 2H), 5.46(m, 1H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 5.66 (m, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 8.21(d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.98 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 9.24 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 9.59(d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=756.1 (56,(M⁺)), 378.0 (100, (M²⁺));-MW=756.82+2×126.90-MF=C₃₉H₄₄NeO₁₀I₂

General Method XII): Esterification of Riboflavin with Amino Acids

Riboflavin (72) (1.88 g, 5 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (50 mL) whileheating to 80° C. After cooling to room temperature, the respectiveamino acid specified (100 mmol) was added, followed by DMAP (1.22 g, 10mmol), triethylamine (1.01 g, 1.26 mL, 10 mmol) and DCC (2.06 g, 10mmol). The mixture was stirred in the dark at 50° C. under N₂ overnight.The solvent was drawn off under reduced pressure, and the residue wasdissolved in chloroform (200 mL). The solution was washed with aqueoussodium hydrogencarbonate solution (5%, 100 mL), water (100 mL) and sataqueous sodium chloride solution (100 mL), dried over MgSO₄ andconcentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel with dichloromethane/methanol 20:1.

XIIa) tert-butoxycarbonylaminoacetic acid2,3,4-tris-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-acetoxy)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)-pentylester (73)

N-Boc-Glycine (3.48 g, 20 mmol) was reacted with riboflavin (72)according to general method XII), and 3.92 g of a light brown solid(3.90 mmol, 78% of theory) were obtained.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.39 (s, 9H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s,9H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.56 (m, 3H),3.81-3.90 (m, 3H), 3.93-4.32 (m, 5H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.60-5.30 (m, 2H),4.90 (m, 1H), 5.45-5.68 (m, 2H), 5.73 (m, 1H), 6.11 (bs, 1H), 7.63 (s,1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 8.96 (bs, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z(%)=1005.5 (100, (MH⁺));-MW=1005.05 g/mol-MF=C₄₅H₆₄N₈O₁₈

XIIb) 2,6-bis-tert-butoxycarbonylaminohexanic acid2,3,4-tris(2,6-bis-tert-butoxycarbonylaminohexanoxy)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)pentylester (74)

The reaction of α,ε-di-Boc-L-lysine (6.84 g, 20 mmol) with riboflavin(72) according to general method XII) gave 5.17 g of a light brown solid(3.06 mmol, 61% of theory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.36-1.52 (m, 72H), 1.21-1.42 (m, 16H),1.44-1.86 (m, 16H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.06 (m, 4H), 3.41(m, 1H), 3.61 (m, 3H), 3.93-4.32 (m, 3H), 4.43 (m, 1H), 4.60-5.30 (m,2H), 4.86 (m, 1H), 5.11 (m, 2H), 5.58 (m, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s,1H), 8.94 (bs, 1H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=1707.3 (61,(M+NH₄ ⁺)), 1690.2 (100, (MH⁺)), 845.8 (88, (M+2H⁺)²⁺);-MW=1690.02g/mol-MF=C₈₁H₁₃₂N₁₂O₂₆

XIII) aminoacetic acid2,3,4-tris(2-aminoacetoxy)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)pentylester tetrahydrochloride (75)

The flavin (73) obtained in XIIa) was deprotected by general method III)and 1.44 g of a light brown solid (1.69 mmol, 85% of theory) wereobtained.

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=605.5 (36, (MH⁺)), 303.3 (100,(M+2H⁺)²⁺), 202.4 (41, (M+3H⁺)³⁺);-MW=608.61+4×35.45g/mol-MF=C₂H₃₆N₈O₁₀Cl₄

XIV) 2,6-bisaminohexanoic acid2,3,4-tris-(2,6-bisaminohexanoxy)-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl)pentylester octahydrochloride

The flavin (74) obtained in XIIb) was deprotected by general method III)and 1.49 g of a brown solid (1.26 mmol, 63% of theory) were obtained.

MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=898.2 (15, (MH⁺)), 449.5 (100,(M+2H⁺)²⁺), 300.1 (9, (M+3H⁺)³⁺);-MW=897.14+8×35.45g/mol-MF=C₄₁H₇₆N₁₂O₁₀Cl₈

XV)1-{3-[7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-10-butyl)-4,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-yl]-propyl}lmethyl-[4,4′]bipyridinyl-1-iumdiiodide (118)

3-(10-Butyl-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-4,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-yl)propyliodide (xx) (0.51 g, 1.05 mmol) was stirred withN-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium iodide (356 mg, 1.2 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (0.1 g,1.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere in the dark at 50° C.for 24 h. The solvent was drawn off under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography(CHCl₃/MeOH 6:1).

This gives 351 mg of an orange solid (0.34 mmol, 45% of theory).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD): δ [ppm]=0.92 (t, 3H), 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m,2H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.32(m, 3H), 4.51 (m, 1H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 5.16 (m, 2H), 5.48 (m, 1H), 5.52(m, 1H), 5.64 (m, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=5.6 Hz,2H), 8.97 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 9.23 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 9.59 (d, J=5.6 Hz,2H);-MS (ESI-MS, H₂O/MeOH+0.1% TFA): m/z (%)=510.1 (19, (M⁺)), 255.0(100, (M²⁺));-MW=510.6+2×126.90-MF=C₃₀H₃₄N₆O₂I₂

EXAMPLE 2 Phototoxicity Experiments a) Production of the Test Plates andBacterial Strains

A sample of the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC number:25923) or Escherichia coli (ATCC number: 25922) was taken from acryogenically frozen culture, isolated on Müller-Hinton agar plates andcultivated under aerobic conditions at 37° C. in an overnight culture.Thereafter, 5 ml of Müller-Hinton liquid medium were inoculated with asmear of the bacterial culture (single colony) and incubated at 37° C.overnight. The bacterial suspension thus obtained was centrifuged at2500 rpm for 10 min and the bacterial pellet obtained was resuspended in5 ml of sterile PBS. The optical density of the bacterial suspension forthe phototoxicity tests was OD_(600nm)=0.6, which corresponds to abacteria count of ˜1-8×10⁸⁻¹² bacteria per ml. The biochemical analysisand resistance determination of the bacteria were conducted with theVITEK2 system according to the M100-S14 guidelines from the NCCLS(2004).

To check sensitivity of medically significant pathogens againstantibiotics and sulfonamides, in accordance with the NCCLS guidelines,Müller-Hinton media were used (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene undMikrobiologie (DGHM), Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Universityof Bonn, Germany):

a) Müller-Hinton broth (Oxoid, Wesel, Germany)

2.0 g/l beef, dried Infusion from 300 g, 17.5 g/l casein hydrolyzate,

1.5 g/l starch, pH: 7.4+0.2

b) Müller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, Wesel, Germany)

2.0 g/l beef, dried infusion from 300 g, 17.5 g/l casein hydrolyzate,

1.5 g/l starch, pH: 7.4+0.2

13 g/l agar-agar

b) Procedure for the Phototoxicity Test:

200 μl of a bacterial suspension (bacterial density: 10⁸-10¹²/ml) wereincubated with 200 μl of each of various concentrations of thephotosensitizers to be tested at room temperature for 10 min or 30 min.Thereafter, the bacteria were washed twice with distilled water andresuspended in 200 μl of distilled water, and the entire volume wastransferred to a 96-well microtiter plate and then Irradiated. Thephotosensitizers used were dissolved in distilled water and variousdilution series were prepared (0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM).

For sensitization, the Omnicure Series 2000 lamp (Photonics SolutionsInc., Edinburgh, UK) was used, which emits light from a range from 390nm to 500 nm and has emission maxima E_(max) at 405 nm and 436 nm. Thepower applied in each case was 50 mW/cm².

Irradiated and unirradlated samples were used as controls. Ukewise runwere bacterial suspensions incubated only with photosensitizer (darkcontrol).

The determination of the colony-forming units (CFU) per ml was conductedby the method published by Miles and Misra (Miles, A A; Misra, S S,Irwin, J O (1938 November). “The estimation of the bactericidal power ofthe blood.”. The Journal of hygiene 38 (6): 732-49). For this purpose,serial dilutions from 10⁻² to 10⁻⁹ of the corresponding bacterialsuspension were prepared. 3×20 μl of each of the corresponding bacterialdilutions were then dripped onto Müller-Hinton plates and incubated at37° C. for 24 h.

Thereafter, the number of surviving golony-forming units (CFU) wasdetermined.

Each of the experiments was repeated three times.

c) Result of the Phototoxicity Experiments:

The results of the phototoxicity experiments are shown in FIGS. 1-11.

FIGS. 1-12 show the logarithmic decreases in the CFU/ml 24 h afterirradiation and the corresponding controls (only irradiated bacteria;bacteria incubated with photosensitizer but not Irradiated; untreatedbacteria) for the respective photosensitizer specified.

Each of the golony-forming Mnits (CFU) per ml reported is the medianfrom three experiments.

FIG. 1 shows the effect of fiavin FL-08 (diiodide of the compound havingthe formula (47)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 1 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-08 for 10 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line Indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-08, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 1 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-08 for 10 min. Subsequently,the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-08, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of flavin FL-02 (dichloride of the compoundhaving the formula (20)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 2 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-02 for 10 min.Subsequently, the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec;10.5 J/cm²) (dark gray bar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24h, the surviving colonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black lineindicates the dark control reference (0 μM flavin FL-02, no light). Thedotted line marked “99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by3 log₁₀ stages; this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterialaction”). N=3; median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 2 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-02 for 10 min.Subsequently, the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec;10.5 J/cm²) (dark gray bar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24h, the surviving colonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black lineindicates the dark control reference (0 μM flavin FL-02, no light). Thedotted line marked “99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFUlmI by3 log₁₀ stages; this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterialaction”). N=3; median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of flavin FL-06 (iodide of the compound havingthe formula (37)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 3 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-06 for 10 min. Subsequently, the sampleswere either Irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (dark graybar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-06, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/m±SEM.

FIG. 3 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-06 for 10 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 Jlcm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-06, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/m±SEM.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of flavin FL-07 (octachloride of the compoundhaving the formula (49)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 4 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-07 for 10 min. Subsequently, the sampleswere either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (dark graybar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-07, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 4 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-07 for 10 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (light gray bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-07, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 5 shows the effect of flavin FL-13 (bromide dichloride of thecompound having the formula (41)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 5 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-13 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-13, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 5 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-13 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not Irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-13, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 6 shows the effect of flavin FL-15 (dibromide of the compoundhaving the formula (42)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 6 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-15 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-15, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 6 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-15 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-15, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 7 shows the effect of flavin FL-17 (dliodide of the compound havingthe formula (40)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 7 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-17 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either Irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not Irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-17, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 logic stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 7 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-17 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either Irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-17, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 8 shows the effect of flavin FL-21 (iodide of the compound havingthe formula (46)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 8 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-21 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-21, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/m by 3 log₁₀ stages; thiscorresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3; medianCFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 8 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-21 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either Irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-21, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 9 shows the effect of flavin FL-24 (trichloride of the compoundhaving the formula (44)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 9 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-24 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-24, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml SEM.

FIG. 9 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-24 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either Irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-24, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 10 shows the effect of fiavin FL-26 (tribromide of the compoundhaving the formula (43)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 10 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-26 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not Irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-26, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 10 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-26 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-26, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 11 shows the effect of flavin FL-27 (dichloride of the compoundhaving the formula (45)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 11 a: E. coli samples were incubated with various concentrations (0μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-27 for 30 min. Subsequently, thesamples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²) (darkgray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-27, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 11 b: S. aureus samples were incubated with various concentrations(0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of flavin FL-27 for 30 min. Subsequently,the samples were either irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec; 10.5 J/cm²)(dark gray bar) or not irradiated (white bar). After 24 h, the survivingcolonies were counted (CFU/ml). The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (0 μM flavin FL-27, no light). The dotted line marked“99.9% killed” Indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages;this corresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3;median CFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 12 shows the effect of flavin FL-27 (dichloride of the compoundhaving the formula (51)) on E. coli and S. aureus.

FIG. 12 a: E. coli was incubated with various concentrations of FL-08b[μM] for 10 min, then the samples were irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec;10.5 J/cm²). 24 h later, the surviving colonies were counted (CFU/ml).Gray bar dark control without light. Red bar incubated withphotosensitizer and irradiated. The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (no photosensitizer incubation, no light). The greenline indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log 10 stages; thiscorresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3; medianCFU/ml±SEM.

FIG. 12 b: S. aureus was incubated with various concentrations of FL-08b[μM] for 10 min, then the samples were irradiated at 50 mW/cm² (210 sec;10.5 J/cm²). 24 h later, the surviving colonies were counted (CFU/ml).Gray bar dark control without light. Red bar: incubated withphotosensitizer and irradiated. The black line indicates the darkcontrol reference (no photosensitizer incubation, no light). The greenline indicates a decrease in the CFU/ml by 3 log 10 stages; thiscorresponds to a decrease by 99.9% (“antibacterial action”). N=3; medianCFU/ml±SEM.

As apparent from FIGS. 1-12, Irradiation of the microorganisms usedStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at alight dose of 10.5 J/cm² with blue light (390 nm-500 nm) in the absenceof a photosensitizer (0 μM of the respective flavin) has no influence onthe number of surviving microorganisms in comparison to the unexposedcontrol.

In addition, the results shown in FIGS. 1-12 show that the incubation(10 min or 30 min) of the respective photosensitizer with themicroorganisms without subsequent exposure likewise has only a smallinfluence, if any, on the number of surviving microorganisms.

As apparent from FIGS. 1-12, there is a decrease in the CFU/ml and henceinactivation of E. coli and S. aureus after incubation (10 min or 30min) of the microorganisms as a function of the concentration used ofthe respective photosensitizers, and subsequent irradiation with a lightdose of 10.5 J/cm².

The effectiveness of phototoxicity with respect to bacteria afterirradiation was defined according to the following guidelines for handhygiene in the health sector (Boyce, J. M., and D. Pittet. 2002.Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: recommendations ofthe Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and theHICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 23: p. 3-40):

reduction in the CFU/ml by 1 log₁₀ stage  

 90% effectiveness reduction in the CFU/ml by 3 log₁₀ stages  

 99.9% effectiveness reduction in the CFU/ml by 5 log₁₀ stages  

 99.999% effectiveness

For effective inactivation, the decrease of ≧3 log₁₀ stages cantherefore be adopted, and S. aureus and E. coli were chosen as examplesof representatives from the group of the Gram-positive and Gram-negativebacteria (see Boyce J. M and D. Pittet 2009).

The concentration required to achieve a reduction by ≧3 log₁₀ stages isshown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Summary of photodynamic inactivation Required concentration [μM]to achieve a reduction by ≧3log₁₀ stages (decrease by 99.9%),irradiation at 10.5 J/cm² Photosensitizer E. coli S. aureus FL-02 10 10FL-06 10 10 FL-07 10 10 FL-08 1 1 FL-08b 50 10 FL-13 10 10 FL-15 10 10FL-17 100 100 FL-21 >100 ⁽*⁾ 100 FL-24 >100 ⁽*⁾ 10 FL-26 >100 ⁽*⁾ 10FL-27 100 10 ⁽*⁾ to date, only a reduction of less than 3-log₁₀ stageshas been achieved (99%), at a concentration of 100 μM with subsequentirradiation

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having the formula (1):

where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radicalhaving: a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or a) at least two positivelycharged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly tothe isoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicalswhich is not an organic radical having a) at least two uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is thesame or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl,thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketonehaving 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic esterhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which doesnot contain any nitrogen atoms, and where each of the R5 and R6 radicalswhich is not an organic radical having a) at least two uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is thesame or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, arylhaving 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, with the proviso that the R3radical is not an aminomethyl radical, where the nitrogen atom may beunsubstituted or substituted, and excluding compounds in which the R1,R4 and R10 radicals are hydrogen, the R2 radical is hydrogen, alkylhaving 1 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, theR3 radical is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,O-alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 4 to7 carbon atoms, and the R5 radical is an alkyl radical which has 1 to 8carbon atoms and is substituted by at least by a radical of the formula—N(R³⁵)(R³⁶) or a radical of the formula —OR³⁵, where the R³⁵ radical isa radical of the formula —C₁₋₈alkyl(amine)-OR³⁷ or a7,8-dimethylisoalloxazin-10-yl-C₁₋₈alkyl radical and where the R³⁶radical is hydrogen or a radical of the formula —C₁₋₈alkyl, which may beunsubstituted or substituted, and where the R³⁷ radical is hydrogen,aryl having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or alkyl which may be unsubstituted orsubstituted and has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and additionally excludingcompounds in which the R1 and R4 radicals are hydrogen, the R10 radicalis hydrogen or a radical having the general formula —C₁₋₄alkyl-OC(O)CH₃,the R2 radical is hydrogen or alkyl having 8 to 8 carbon atoms and theR5 radical is a radical having the general formula—C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R³¹)—C₀₋₃alkyl-(R³²), where R³¹ is hydrogen or a radicalhaving the formula —C₁₋₄alkyl and where R³² is a radical having theformula —C₁₋₄alkyl-N(R³³)(R³⁴), a radical having the formula—C₀₋₄alkyl-aryl, a radical having the formula —C₀₋₄alkylheterocycloalkylor a radical having the formula —C₀₋₄alkylheteroaryl, and where the R³³and R³⁴ radicals are each independently hydrogen or —C₁₋₄alkyl, andexcluding10-butyl-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dioneand10-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-7,8-dimethyl-3-[2-oxo-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]benzo[g]ptendine-2,4-dione,or where II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organicradical having: a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and b) at least onepositively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1, R2, R3 andR4 radicals which is not an organic radical having a) at least oneuncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, or b) at least one positively charged, preferablyquaternary, nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring,is the same or different and is independently hydrogen, halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic esterhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which doesnot contain any nitrogen atoms, or where each of the R5 and R6 radicalswhich is not an organic radical having a) at least one uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the sameor different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which doesnot contain any nitrogen atoms, or where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4,R5 or R6 radicals are an organic radical having: a) at least oneuncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively charged,preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicalswhich is not an organic radical having a) at least one uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least one positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the sameor different and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkylhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioesterhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenylhaving 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not containany nitrogen atoms, and where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which isnot an organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) atleast one positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different andis independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenylhaving 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not containany nitrogen atoms, and excluding the compound having the formula (20):


2. A compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic radical havinga) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positivelycharged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, is a radical of the formula (2), (3) or (4):

where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k and l are each independently aninteger from 0 to 6, and where D and E are each independently hydrogen,halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl,O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further preferablyhydrogen or hydroxyl, and where X is an organic radical containing a) atleast one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom, and the aryl radical is a substitutedor unsubstituted aromatic system having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or asubstituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic system which does notcontain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and where theradical having the formula (4) is a heteroaromatic system which isbonded to the isoalloxazine ring via a carbon atom of the heteroaromaticsystem and which contains a) at least one uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom and/or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom.3. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where the R1 and R4 radicals, whichmay each independently be the same or different, are hydrogen or methyl,and where 2 of the R2, R3, R5 and R6 radicals are an organic radical ofthe general formula —(C(D)(E))_(h)—X or—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—X.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim1, where X is a radical of the general formula (2):

where A is an oxygen or sulfur atom and where n is an integer from 1 to8 and m is an integer from 0 to 100, and where B is a radical of theformula (3a), (3b), (4a), (4b), (5a) or (5b):

and where the R^((I)) radical is an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, an alkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an etherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, a thioether radical, which may be straight-chain or branched,having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where each ofthe R^((II)), R^((III)), R^((IV)), R^((VII)) and R^((VI)) radicals isindependently hydrogen, an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, aheterocyclic radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical,which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, analkenyl radical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having-2 to 20carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether radical, which may bestraight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a thioetherradical, which may be straight-chain or branched, having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, or an alkylamino radical, which may be straight-chain orbranched, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each of theaforementioned aryl radicals, heterocyclic radicals, alkyl radicals,alkenyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals, ether radicals, thioetherradicals and alkylamino radicals is substituted at least by one,preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at leastfour, further preferably at least five, amino radical(s) and/oralkylamino radical(s), which may be straight-chain or branched, having 1to 20 carbon atoms, for example aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl,dimethylaminomethyl or (trimethylammonio)methyl, and/or guanidinoradical, and where the radical having the formula (4a) and the radicalhaving the formula (5a):

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms, where 1 nitrogen atomforms a double bond, and where the radical having the formula (4b) andthe radical having the formula (5b);

is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radical having 5 to 7ring atoms including 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms and at least 1 carbon atomand optionally 1 or 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms.
 5. A compound as claimedin claim 2, where the organic radical having: a) at least two uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least two positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is in eachcase selected from the radicals of the formulae (30a) to (36)


6. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1) isselected from the group consisting of compounds having the formulae (40)to (49) and (115) to (117):


7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 for use as a photosensitizer,preferably in photodynamic therapy.
 8. A compound as claimed in claim 1for use in the inactivation of microorganisms preferably selected fromthe group consisting of viruses, archaea, bacteria, bacterial spores,fungi, fungal spores, protozoa, algae and blood-transmissible parasites.9. A compound as claimed in claim 1 for use in the cleaning of teeth,dentures and/or dental braces and/or prophylaxis and/or treatment of adisorder of the dental tissue and/or of the periodontium.
 10. A compoundas claimed in claim 1 for use in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of aninfectious skin disease.
 11. A compound as claimed in claim 1 for use insurface cleaning and/or coating.
 12. A compound as claimed in claim 10for use in the surface cleaning and/or coating of medical products, foodand drink packaging or hygiene articles.
 13. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising at least one compound as claimed in claim 1 orpharmacologically acceptable salt and/or ester and/or complex thereofand at least one pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
 14. A coatedarticle, wherein the surface of the article comprises at least onecompound as claimed in claim
 1. 15. A process for preparing a compoundof claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (A)reducing a substituted nitroaniline of the formula (9) to a substitutedo-phenylenediamine of the formula (10)

where each of the R7 to R10 radicals is the same or different and isindependently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate,aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which doesnot contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,—(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organicradical containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where the R11 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkylhaving 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain anynitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH,—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organic radical containing a)at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directlyto the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively chargednitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and (B)condensing the substituted o-phenylenediamine of the formula (10)obtained in step (A) with alloxane or the hydrate thereof to obtain acompound having the formula (11):

(C) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11) obtained instep (B) with an alkylating agent of the general formula T-alkyl,T-alkenyl, T-cycloalkyl, T-cycloalkenyl, T-(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH,T-(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH, T-aryl, T-(C(D)(E))_(h)—X orT-(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—X, where the T radical is hydrogen,chlorine, bromine, iodine, p-toluenesulfonyl (OTs), methanesulfonyl(OMs), OH or R₂S⁺, where each R may independently be the same ordifferent and is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, to obtain acompound having the formula (12):

where the R12 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20carbon atoms, heteroaryl which has 4 to 20 carbon atoms and does notcontain any nitrogen atom, —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH,—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organic radical containing a)at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directlyto the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively chargednitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and (D)optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11) obtained in step(B) or the compound of the formula (12) obtained in step (C) with tosylchloride, mesyl chloride or iodine, optionally in the presence of acatalyst, and subsequently with an organic compound containing at leastone uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom, when at least 1 R7, R8, R9, R10, R11or R12 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH or—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)-OH, to obtain the inventive10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1), with theproviso that at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organicradical having: a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where each h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k, lare each independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are eachindependently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine orfluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) ishydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol,further preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where each X is an organicradical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and each aryl is a substituted or unsubstitutedaromatic system having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted orunsubstituted heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogenatom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
 16. The process for preparing acompound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises thefollowing steps: (A) condensing an amine having the formula R11-NH₂ witha chlorouracil derivative of the formula (13), optionally in thepresence of a catalyst, preferably Lewis acid or Brønsted acid, toobtain a compound having the formula (14):

where each of the R11 and R12 radicals is the same or different and isindependently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenylhaving 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, heteroaryl which does not contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OHor an organic radical containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b)at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, (B) reacting the compound of the formula (14)obtained in step (A) with a nitroso compound of the formula (15) toobtain a compound of the formula (12):

where each of the R7 to R10 radicals, which may independently be thesame or different, is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which doesnot contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,—(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH, —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organicradical containing a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and (C) optionally reacting the compound of theformula (12) obtained in step (B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride oriodine, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, and subsequently withan organic compound containing at least one tertiary nitrogen atom hasbeen reacted, when at least 1 R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 or R12 radical is—(C(D)(E))_(h)—OH or —(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH, to obtain theinventive 10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (1)with the proviso that at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals arean organic radical having: a) at least one uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b)at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where each h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k, lare each independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are eachindependently hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine orfluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) where R^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) ishydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol,further preferably hydrogen or hydroxyl, and where each X is an organicradical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and each aryl is a substituted or unsubstitutedaromatic system having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted orunsubstituted heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogenatom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
 17. The process for preparing acompound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises thefollowing steps: (A) preparing a substituted aniline having the formula(122a) or (122b) by (a) peptide coupling/reduction to an aniline havingthe formula (121) or (b) reductive amination of an aniline having theformula (121) with aldehydes or (c) Pd-catalyzed coupling of a halide ofthe formula (124) to an amines of the formula R11-NH₂ or (d)Pd-catalyzed coupling of an amine of the formula (120) to a halide ofthe formula R11-NH₂

where each of the R7 to R10 radicals, which may independently be thesame or different, is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having2 to 20 carbon atoms, -aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, -alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which doesnot contain any nitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms,—(C(D)(E))h-OH, —(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l—OH or an organic radicalcontaining a) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom notbonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least onepositively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where the R11 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkylhaving 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl which does not contain anynitrogen atom and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h)-OH,—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH or an organic radical containing a)at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directlyto the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positively chargednitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and wherethe R20 radical is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, alkenylhaving 2 to 19 carbon atoms, ether having 1 to 19 carbon atoms,thioether having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 19 carbonatoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 19 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 19carbon atoms, heteroaryl which has 4 to 19 carbon atoms and does notcontain any nitrogen atoms, —(C(D)(E))_(h-1)—OH,—(C(D)(E))_(k-1)-arylC(D)(E))_(l-1)-OH or an organic radical containinga) at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and/or b) at least one positivelycharged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, andwhere the Hal radical is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, (B)reacting the substituted aniline having the formula (122a) obtained instep (A) with violuric acid to obtain a compound of the formula (11z):

reacting the substituted aniline having the formula (122b) obtained instep (A) with violuric acid to obtain a compound of the formula (11):

(C) optionally reacting the compound of the formula (11z) obtained instep (B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or iodine, optionally inthe presence of a catalyst, and subsequently with an organic compoundcontaining at least one tertiary nitrogen atom is reacted, when at least1 R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 or R20 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)-OH or—(C(D)(E))_(k)-arylC(D)(E))_(l)—OH, to obtain the10H-benzo[g]ptenridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (12z):

where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferablychlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) whereR^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further preferably hydrogen orhydroxyl, or reacting the compound of the formula (11) obtained in step(B) with tosyl chloride, mesyl chloride or iodine, optionally in thepresence of a catalyst, and subsequently with an organic compoundcontaining at least one tertiary nitrogen atom is reacted, when at least1 R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 or R20 radical is —(C(D)(E))_(h)— OH or—(C(D)(E))_(k)-aryl-(C(D)(E))_(l)—OH, to obtain the10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione derivative of the formula (12):

where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, preferablychlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine, hydroxyl, O—R^((VIII)) whereR^((VIII)) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl,O—C(═O)—R^((IX)) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, further preferably hydrogen orhydroxyl, and with the proviso that I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6radical is an organic radical having: a) at least two, preferably atleast three, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two, preferably at least three,preferably at least four, further preferably at least five, positivelycharged, preferably quaternary, nitrogen atoms not bonded directly tothe isoalloxazine ring, or II) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicalis an organic radical having: a) at least one, preferably at least two,preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further preferablyat least five, uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and b) at least one, preferably atleast two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, furtherpreferably at least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary,nitrogen atom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or III)at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radicals are an organic radicalhaving: a) at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at leastthree, preferably at least four, further preferably at least five,uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom(s) not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and b) at least one, preferably at least two,preferably at least three, preferably at least four, further preferablyat least five, positively charged, preferably quaternary, nitrogenatom(s) not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring.
 18. The use of acompound of the formula (1):

as a photosensitizer, preferably in the pnotoynamic inactivation ofmicroorganisms, where I) only 1 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is anorganic radical having: a) at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogenatoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or a) at least twopositively charged nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 radicalswhich is not an organic radical having a) at least two uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, or b) at least two positively charged nitrogen atoms not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and isindependently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate,aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and whereeach of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic radical having a)at least two uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atoms not bonded directlyto the isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least two positively chargednitrogen atoms not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is thesame or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, arylhaving 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms,which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or where II) only 1 R1, R2,R3, R4, R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical having: a) at least oneuncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, and b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1,R2, R3 and R4 radicals which is not an organic radical having a) atleast one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly tothe isoalloxazine ring, or b) at least one positively charged nitrogenatom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same ordifferent and is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkylhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioesterhaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenylhaving 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbonatoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not containany nitrogen atoms, and where each of the R5 and R6 radicals which isnot an organic radical having a) at least one uncharged, protonatablenitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, or b) atleast one positively charged nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, is the same or different and is independentlyhydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenylhaving 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms orheteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain anynitrogen atoms, or where III) at least 2 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or R6radicals are an organic radical having: a) at least one uncharged,protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazinering, and/or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atom not bondeddirectly to the isoalloxazine ring, and where each of the R1, R2, R3 andR4 radicals which is not an organic radical having a) at least oneuncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directly to theisoalloxazine ring, or b) at least one positively charged nitrogen atomnot bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the same or differentand is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro,carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having5 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and whereeach of the R5 and R6 radicals which is not an organic radical having a)at least one uncharged, protonatable nitrogen atom not bonded directlyto the isoalloxazine ring, and b) at least one positively chargednitrogen atom not bonded directly to the isoalloxazine ring, is the sameor different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which doesnot contain any nitrogen atoms.